Transcript The Old and Middle Kingdoms

The Nile Valley
Chapter 2:ib
The Old Kingdom
2700 – 2200 B.C
“The Land of the Pharaohs.”
[Image source: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/6539/pic.htm]
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/nilevall.gif]
Historians have organized
ancient Egyptian dynasties
into three great periods:
• Old Kingdom (2700 to 2200 B.C.)
• Middle Kingdom (2050 to 1800 B.C.)
• New Kingdom (1600 to 300 B.C.)
A strong,
centralized
national
government
developed
under the
Egyptian
pharaohs.
age source: http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/COSTUME1_INDEX.HTML#Plate1]
[Image source: http://www.unites.uqam.ca/dhist/pagesp/pagemg3.htm]
The title pharaoh
means “great house.”
Egyptian society revolved around
providing for the “great house.”
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/society.gif]
Egypt was a
theocracy,
where the
pharaoh was
both the
religious and
political leader
of Egypt.
[Image source: http://www.pharaonicarts.com/ramses-horus.htm]
[Image source: http://www.artchive.com/ftp_site.htm]
The pharaoh
was aided in
governing his
realm by a
bureaucracy,
or group of
government
officials.
The highest
ranking official
- second only
to pharaoh in
power - was
the vizier, or
prime minister.
[http://www.elkhound.demon.co.uk/pictures/imhoteppics.htm]
To honour their god-kings,
Egyptians built “houses of
eternity,” or pyramids, to
entomb their remains.
[http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp./org/orion/eng/hst/egypt/giza.html]
The first
pyramid
constructed
was the
steppedpyramid of
Saqqara
built for
King Djoser.
[Image source: http://www.okanagan.bc.ca/hist/hist110/Egscene.html]
Egyptians preserved
the bodies of their
kings from
decay through
embalming.
[Image source: http://www.ccer.ggl.ruu.nl/abu_simbel/ramses.html]
One’s entry into the afterlife was
determined by the weighing of the heart.
[Image source: http://www.natashascafe.com/cgi-bin/dbase.cgi?judge]
Around 2200
B.C. the kings in
Memphis began
to lose control
and powerful
nobles fought
each other for
control of Egypt.
The kings of Thebes brought
unruly local governments under
control and restored order.
The Nile Valley
Chapter 2:ic
The Middle Kingdom
2200- 1800 B.C.
“The Land of the Pharaohs.”
The Theban kings established a new
dynasty that ushered-in the period
known as the Middle Kingdom.
[Image source: http://pages.ancientsites.com/~Duat_Ramesses/wast_plaque.htm]
The Theban
kings conquered
the kingdom of
Nubia on the
upper Nile River
south of the first
cataract.
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/nubgeog.html]
Nubian
warriors
ultimately
played an
important role
as mercenaries
in the Egyptian
army.
Theban kings
also promoted
trade by
constructing a
canal that
connected the
Nile River to the
Red Sea.
The Hyksos conquered Lower
Egypt using bronze weapons
and horse-drawn
chariots.
The Hyksos ruled Lower
Egypt for about 110 years.
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/delta185.gif]
About 1600
B.C. Prince
Ahmose raised
an army and,
using Hyksos
tactics and
technology,
drove them
from Egypt.
The Nile Valley
Chapter 2:ic
The Middle Kingdom
2200- 1800 B.C.
“The Land of the Pharaohs.”
Around 2200
B.C. the kings in
Memphis began
to lose control
and powerful
nobles fought
each other for
control of Egypt.
The kings of Thebes brought
unruly local governments under
control and restored order.
The Theban kings established a new
dynasty that ushered-in the period
known as the Middle Kingdom.
[Image source: http://pages.ancientsites.com/~Duat_Ramesses/wast_plaque.htm]
The Theban
kings conquered
the kingdom of
Nubia on the
upper Nile River
south of the first
cataract.
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/nubgeog.html]
Nubian
warriors
ultimately
played an
important role
as mercenaries
in the Egyptian
army.
Theban kings
also promoted
trade by
constructing a
canal that
connected the
Nile River to the
Red Sea.
The Hyksos conquered Lower
Egypt using bronze weapons
and horse-drawn
chariots.
The Hyksos ruled Lower
Egypt for about 110 years.
[Image source: http://www.library.nwu.edu/class/history/B94/delta185.gif]
About 1600
B.C. Prince
Ahmose raised
an army and,
using Hyksos
tactics and
technology,
drove them
from Egypt.