Transcript Alexander the Great - SouthsideHighSchool

Jonathan Woody
Joey Bonitati
Cecilia Rodriguez
2nd period
Alexander the Great
Facts:
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Son of King Philip II of Macedonia
In 336 B.C, he becomes king of Macedonia
Was the first King to be called “Great”
His parents hired Aristotle to be his personal tutor at
the age of 13
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A Revolt Breaks out in
Greece:
• Alexander (Alex) dealt with Thebes and Athens
• Thebes and Athens thought that he was dead and thought the
time was right to separate from Macedonia
• Alex marched up to the gates of Thebes and told them it wasn’t
too late to change their minds
• The next day, Alex’s general; Perdicas, attacked the gates of
Thebes
• Macedonians then stormed the city, killing almost everyone in
sight, women and children included
• They plundered, sacked, burned, and razed Thebes as an
example to the rest of Greece
• Greece remained under Macedonian control
Alex’s war against the Persia
• Alex began his war against Persia in the spring of
334 BC by crossing the Hellespont (modern
Dardanelles) with an army of 35,000 Macedonians
and 7,600 Greeks
• The Macedonian army soon encountered the Persian
army under King Darius III at the crossing of river
Grancius
• Alex’s forces defeated the enemy (totaling 40,000
men)
The Battle of Issus
• At the Battle of Issus, Alex encountered Kind
Darius III for the second time at a mountain pass
at Issus
• Darius fled northward, abandoning his mother,
wife, and children to Alex, who treated them with
the respect due to royalty
• In the next year Alex marched down the
Phoenician coast and received surrenders of all
the major cities there except for Tyre, who
surrendered 7 months later to Alex
Alex in Egypt
• Alex entered Egypt in 331 BC
• The city Alexandria came about because Alex ordered a city to be
designed and founded in his name at the mouth of the Nile river, it
would become one of the major cultural centers in the
Mediterranean world in the following centuries
• In the spring of 331 BC, Alex made a pilgrimage to the great temple
at oracle of Amon-Ra (Egyptian god of the sun)
• Earlier Egyptian pharaohs were believed to be sons of Amon-Ra
and Alex wanted the god to acknowledge him as his son
• the pilgrimage apparently was successful and may have confirmed
in him a belief in his own divine origin
• Alex was made pharaoh voluntarily by the Egyptians, who despised
living under Persian rule
• Alex refused to make peace with the Persian Empire unless he
could have the whole empire
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Alex reorganized his forces at Tyre and started for Babylon with an army of
40,00 infantry and 7,000 cavalry
Alex conquered lands between Tigris and Euphrates
rivers and found the Persian army
Alex’s and the Persian army met on a battlefield on October 1, 331 BC so
Alex could equally defeat King Darius so he would never again dare to raise
and army against the Macedonians
The Macedonian army slaughtered them
Alex was proclaimed King of Persia and appointed mainly Persians as
provincial governors
After 4 months, the Macedonians burned the royal palace to the ground
thus completing the end of the ancient Persian Empire
Alex continued his pursuit of King Darius III and finally found him dead in his
couch assassinated by his own men
Alex had the assassin executed and gave Darius a royal funeral
Alex. In India
• Alex. and his army invaded Pujab, India
• Alex’s greatest battles in India was against Porus, one of the most
powerful Indian leaders at the river Hydapses
• The Indians were defeated in a fierce battle, even though they
fought with elephants, which the Macedonians had never seen
before
• Alex. captured Porus and like the other local rulers he had defeated,
allowed him to continue to govern his territory
• Alex. even subdued an independent province and granted it to
Porus as a gift
• Alex.’s horse; Bucephalus, was wounded and died in this battle
• Alex. Had ridden Bucephalus into every one of his battles in Greece
and Asia
• When his horse died, he was grief-stricken and founded a city in his
horse’s name
Alex.’s trip to the Ocean on the
southern edge of the world
• On his trip to reach the Ocean on the
southern edge of the world, Alex. sought
out the Indian philosophers, the
Brahmins(who were famous for their
wisdom) and debated them on
philosophical issues
• Alex. Became legendary for centuries in
India for being both a wise philosopher
and a fearless conqueror
Alex.’s attack against the
Malli
• Alex. Was wounded many times in an attack
against the Malli, most seriously when an arrow
pierced his breastplate and his ribcage
• The Macedonian officers rescued him in a
narrow escape
• In the spring of 324 BC, Alex. And 80 close
associates married Iranian noblewomen
• He established training programs to teach
Persians about Greek and Macedonian culture
• He married Roxane, a Persian
Alexander the Great’s Death
• Alex. died at the age of 33 on June 10, 323 BC
• Three days earlier on June 7, 323 BC the
Macedonians were allowed to file past their
leader for the last time before he finally
succumbed to the illness
• Alex. died without designating a successor
• His death opened the anarchic of the Diadochi
and the Macedonian empire will eventually
cease to exist