Transcript Egypt`s Empire

Chapter 5 Lesson 3
Egypt’s Empire p. 120-124
EQ: Why do civilizations rise
and fall?
Civilizations – a grouping of people that have
developed effective ways of organizing a society and
care about its culture
“rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful
and then how it becomes weak and taken over by
another group
Egypt’s Empire p. 120
Make a timeline on the paper provided,
while we are taking notes today.
Remember – BC goes
3100BC
to 1 AD
1425 BC
Egypt’s Empire p. 120
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C. 3100 BC Narmer/Menes unites Egypt for the first time
and is its first ruler
The Old Kingdom begins around 2600 BC
Trade increases causing a a stable economy (getting
goods and services the people need in exchange for
goods and services from people in other civilizations)
Khufu is pharaoh during the 4th dynasty c. 2613 to 2494
BC.
The Great Pyramid is built in honor of the pharaoh Khufu
The ruling pharaohs in Memphis of the Old Kingdom
began to lose power around 2200 BC.
After the Old Kingdom fell apart, Egypt entered a time of
chaos for over 200 years.
The Middle Kingdom lasted from c.2055 BC to c. 1650 BC.
A new dynasty of pharaohs ruled during the Middle
Kingdom, and the capital was moved to Thebes.
A Golden Age: The Middle Kingdom p. 120
• Along with the order of the Middle Kingdom, came the conquering
of new territories.
• The military took over Nubia in the south as well as present-day
Syria.
• Pharaohs required tribute, forced payments, in order to increase
farming and build a canal to increase trade.
Art and Architecture
Architecture – the design and structure of buildings
• With the riches from trading,
money was spent on the arts.
• Tombs and temples were
decorated with paintings of stories
about the deities and everyday life.
• The Valley of the Kings was
created in the Middle Kingdom.
• Pharaohs had their tombs cut into
limestone cliffs of the Nile River
instead of building pyramids.
The Valley of the Kings was
created in the Middle Kingdom.
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The Pyramids of Giza and the Nile Delta were the tombs of choice for pharaohs of Egypt's Old
Kingdom. But New Kingdom pharaohs, who wanted to be closer to the source of their dynastic
roots in the south, built their crypts in the hills of this barren tract west of Luxor, now called the
Valley of the Kings.
Sculptors
• Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes
on large stone walls
Statues of Pharaohs
• Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as
humans rather than gods
• Nothing good ever lasts.
During the 1600s BC,
nobles – people of hereditary of the
pharaoh or people of the upper class
began to challenge the
authority of the pharaohs.
• Civil War weakened Egypt
and outsiders from Asia,
the Hyksos, took over and
ruled for more than a
century.
• The Hyksos had advanced
and sturdy weapons of
bronze and iron, chariots,
and horses.
Hyksos p. 121
Ahmose
• Ahmose, an Egyptian prince, formed an
army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in
1550 B.C.
Building an Empire
• Ahmose founded a new dynasty.
• Started the New Kingdom
• Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.
• No longer isolated
• Benefited from spread of goods,
ideas, and cultures
Homework:
• Read pp. 120-124 in the textbook
• In your notebook, complete the 2 Progress
Check Questions
Chapter 5 Lesson 3
Egypt’s Empire p. 120EQ: Why do civilizations rise
and fall?
Civilizations – a grouping of people that have
developed effective ways of organizing a society and
care about its culture
“rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful
and then how it becomes weak and taken over by
another group
Progress Check
• How were the Egyptians able to defeat the
Hyksos?
• Why did the Egyptians want to trade with
the Phoenicians?
• What does architecture mean? What are
some examples of architecture from
ancient Egypt? From present day?
Vocabulary
use the sentence to help define each word.
• Prosper – _____________________________
Sentence: Most of Mrs. Young’s plants will prosper
if given the right dose of fertilizer, water, and
sun.
• Conquest – ___________________________
Sentence: The archaeologist says an invading
army could have set fires to the monuments as a
way to show their conquest.
New Kingdom
• Egyptians learned how to use chariots and
the Hyksos’ weapons.
• c.1550 BC Ahmose forced the Hyksos out
of Egypt and started the New Kingdom.
• From 1550 BC to 1070 BC, Egypt once
again prospered from trade and conquest.
The First Woman Pharaoh p. 122
Hatshepsut
• Queen Hatshepsut was the 1st wife of Thutmose II. When he died,
she declared herself pharaoh.
• In order to gain acceptance she dressed as a man, even wearing a
fake beard.
• Hatshepsut was responsible for building magnificent temples and
increasing trade.
• During her reign, Egypt traded with Arabia and other parts of
Africa.
Growth of Trade p. 123
• Hatshepsut was more interested in
promoting trade that starting wars
Items Traded
• Egyptian traders exchanged beads,
metal tools, and weapons for gold,
ivory, ebony wood, and incense
Phoenicians p. 123
• Egyptians valued WOOD
products
• Traded with Phoenicians who
were known as great sailors
throughout the Mediterranean
Sea
• Encouraged the spread of
goods and ideas – called
cultural diffusion
The
Phoenicians
lived along
the coast of
The
Mediterranean
Sea, presentday Lebanon
Phoenicians
• With the increase demand for wood, trade
with the Phoenicians started.
• Egyptians traded wheat, paper, silver,
ivory, slaves, class, gold, copper, tin and
tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye for
clothing), cedar wood, and furniture
Tyrian Purple
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Tyrian Purple was first produced by the Ancient Phoenicians in the city of Tyre.
Currently Tyre is the fourth largest city in Lebenon, and a popular tourist destination.
Tyrian Purple is produced by a fresh mucous secretion of a small sea snale called murex. The
exact species is spiny dye-murex.
Tyrian Purple was, and still is, very expensive. In Ancient Rome, to buy Tyrian Purple cost its
weight in silver.
Approximately 60,000 murex animals were required to make one pound of Tyrian Purple.
The Ancient Roman naturalist Pliny describes the steps in process of manufacturing Tyrian
Purple:
– Murex were caught in baskets lowered into the sea at the end of long ropes. Frogs or
mussels were used as bait.
– The murex were pulled from their shells, and the vein containing the pigment was
extracted.
– The pigment was mixed with salt and repeatedly heated in vats to separate water from the
pigment. The whole process took about ten days.
– Due to the large number of decaying murex bodies, the process generated considerable
stench.
Actually looks more like maroon than purple. Some languages translate its color as scarlet.
Today, murex can still be found off the coast of Tyre, but it is rare.
In the 1800s, processes chemists invented synthetic purple dyes that were much cheaper than
murex, so Tyrian Purple is no longer available.
Phoenicians Create “Phonics”
• They developed the world’s 1st alphabet.
• This made writing much easier and had a
major impact on the ancient world and
our own. “Hooked on phonics”
• The English language is based upon the
Greek alphabet, which was introduced to
them through trade with the Phoenicians
More Politics and Trade
in the New Kingdom
• Developed ties
and alliances
with Babylonian
Empire in
Mesopotamia
• Mittani in Syria
• Hittite Empire
in Anatolia
Expanding the Empire Thutmose III
• Envoys, government representatives, worked together.
• C. 1476 Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s nephew, took over
after her death.
• Thutmose III reigned until c. 1425 BC
• He expanded the empire and acquired valuable resources
from lands he conquered.
• In addition, he enslaved many prisoners of war.
– Thutmose was a
strong leader
and general
– Expanded Egypt
north to the
Euphrates River
– Conquered Nubia
– Empire was
wealthy
Egypt’s Empire
Share your timelines with your shoulder
partner
Remember – BC goes
3100BC
to 1 AD
1425 BC
Vocab review
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Civilizations are…
Rise and fall means…
Architecture is…
Prosper means to …
Conquest means to …
EQ: Why do civilizations
rise and fall?
Civilizations – a grouping of people that have developed effective ways of
organizing a society and care about its culture
“rise and fall” – how it comes to be big and powerful and then how it
becomes weak and taken over by another group
In your notebook,
Part 1
Directions:
Part 2
Directions:
Find many facts to explain each.
6. Complete the Critical Thinking
Question on p. 123
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5.
Complete the Geography Connection
questions on p. 124
Why did the Old Kingdom rise?
Why did the Old Kingdom fall?
Why did the Middle Kingdom rise?
Why did the Middle Kingdom fall?
Why did the New Kingdom rise?
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3.