Transcript Class Session 6

Exodus 1-18
© John Stevenson, 2012
tAmv.
(weEleh Shemoth)
“And these are
hL,aew>
• Hebrew Name:
the names.”
• Greek Name:
Exoduj
(Exodus)
And behold, two men were talking with Him; and
they were Moses and Elijah, 31 who, appearing in
glory, were speaking of His departure which He was
about to accomplish at Jerusalem. (Luke 9:30-31)
The Theme of Exodus
The Exodus was the
redemptive event of the
Old Testament
Old Testament
THE EXODUS
New Testament
THE CROSS
Chapters
1-15
Chapters
16-24
Chapters
25-40
Departure
from Egypt
Giving of the
Law
The
Tabernacle
Israelites in
Egypt
Ten Plagues
Israelites at Mount Sinai
Ten
Commands
Ten Items
God meets
Moses; Israel
exits from Egypt
(1-13)
Tabernacle built;
God enters
(35-40)
Israel rebels
(14-18)
Israel rebels
(32-34)
Covenant Laws &
Commands (19-24)
Commands for
building Tabernacle
(25-31)
Purposes of the Book
• To Fulfill the Covenant Promise to
Abraham
• Authenticate the Ministry of Moses
• Give the Spiritual Heritage of Israel
• Instruct in Worship and Obedience
For whatever was written in earlier times
was written for our instruction, so that
through perseverance and the
encouragement of the Scriptures we might
have hope. (Romans 15:4)
Now these things happened to them as an
example, and they were written for our
instruction, upon whom the ends of the ages
have come. (1 Corinthians 10:11)
• The Early Date: 1446 B.C.
• The Late Date: 1270 B.C.
Now it came about in the four hundred
and eightieth year after the sons of Israel
came out of the land of Egypt, in the
fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel,
in the month of Ziv which is the second
month, that he began to build the house
of the LORD. (1 Kings 6:1)
Exodus
Event
(1446 B.C.)
480 Years
Building of
the
Temple
(966 B.C.)
The Early Date
The Late Date
(15th Century)
(13th Century)
Pharaoh Amenhotep II Pharaoh Rameses II of
of the 18th Dynasty
the 19th Dynasty
1 Kings 6:1 tells us it
was 480 years from
the Exodus to the
building of Solomon’s
Temple
Reference to Rameses
can be understood as
a later “update”
The 480 years made
up of 12 generations
(12x40=480) but really
each generation was
shorter in duration
Genesis 47:11 makes
reference to the “land
of Rameses”
Exodus 1:1-5
Now these are the names of the
sons of Israel who came to Egypt
with Jacob; they came each one with
his household: 2 Reuben, Simeon,
Levi and Judah; 3 Issachar, Zebulun
and Benjamin; 4 Dan and Naphtali,
Gad and Asher. 5 All the persons
who came from the loins of Jacob
were seventy in number, but Joseph
was already in Egypt.
Deuteronomy 32:7
Remember the days of old,
Consider the years of all generations.
Ask your father, and he will inform
you,
Your elders, and they will tell you.
Deuteronomy 32:8-9
When the Most High gave the
nations their inheritance,
When He separated the sons of man,
He set the boundaries of the peoples
According to the number of the sons
of Israel.
9 For the LORD’S portion is His
people;
Jacob is the allotment of His
inheritance.
Exodus 1:6-7
Joseph died, and all his
brothers and all that generation. 7
But the sons of Israel were fruitful
and increased greatly, and multiplied,
and became exceedingly mighty, so
that the land was filled with them.
Exodus 1:8-10
Now a new king arose over
Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9
He said to his people, “Behold, the
people of the sons of Israel are more
and mightier than we. 10 Come, let
us deal wisely with them, or else they
will multiply and in the event of war,
they will also join themselves to
those who hate us, and fight against
us and depart from the land.”
Asiatic Rulers
• Entered Egypt
during the 2nd
Intermediate
Period
• Ruled over
Lower Egypt
• Expelled by
18th Dynasty
Exodus 1:11
So they appointed taskmasters
over them to afflict them with hard
labor. And they built for Pharaoh
storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.
Raamses
Pithom
Exodus 1:12-14
But the more they afflicted them,
the more they multiplied and the
more they spread out, so that they
were in dread of the sons of Israel. 13
The Egyptians compelled the sons of
Israel to labor rigorously; 14 and they
made their lives bitter with hard labor
in mortar and bricks and at all kinds
of labor in the field, all their labors
which they rigorously imposed on
them.
Suspicions against
Israelites
• Foreigners
• Shepherds
• Goshen
• Religious differences
Exodus 1:22
Then Pharaoh commanded all his
people, saying, “Every son who is born
you are to cast into the Nile, and every
daughter you are to keep alive.”
Exodus 2:1-2
Now a man from the house of Levi
went and married a daughter of Levi. 2
The woman conceived and bore a son;
and when she saw that he was beautiful,
she hid him for three months.
bAj
Exodus 2:3-4
But when she could hide him no
longer, she got him a wicker basket and
covered it over with tar and pitch. Then
she put the child into it and set it among
the reeds by the bank of the Nile. 4 His
sister stood at a distance to find out what
would happen to him.
• They save lives
• They are meant to float
• They are covered with
pitch
tb;Teä
Other Phrases Reminiscent of the
opening chapters of Genesis
• She saw that
he was good
(Exodus 2:2).
• God saw that it
was good (seen
all throughout
Genesis 1).
• They multiplied
and the land
was filled with
them (Exodus
1:7).
• Multiply and fill
the earth
(Genesis 1:28).
Noah
Moses
Ordered to build an
ark (tb;Teä)
His mother gets a
basket (tb;Teä)
It will protect Noah It will protect Moses
and his family and from the destruction
the animals from the
mandated by the
destruction of the
pharaoh's orders.
flood.
Moses is delivered
Noah is delivered
from the waters of from the waters of
the Nile.
the flood.
Saving
Characters in Exodus 1-2
•
•
•
•
•
Sister
Mother
Midwives
Pharaoh’ Daughter
Maiden who fetches the Basket
Saving
Characters in Exodus 1-2
What is the point of this
emphasis on the roles
of the various women
in this narrative?
Egypt
Sinai
Midian
What is the significance of the
burning bush?
Genesis 3
Exodus 3
The Tree of Life
The bush of the
presence of God
Guarded by a
cherub with a
flaming sword
The man and the
woman were cast
out of the garden
because of their sin
Angel of the Lord
appeared in a
blazing fire
Moses is warned
against drawing
near and told to
remove his sandals
Moses in the Presence of God
• The Burning Bush
• A Plan to Deliver the Israelites
• A Commission to Moses
Moses’ Excuse God’s Answer
I am not qualified
I will be with you
I don’t know enough;
I don’t even know
your name
I am that I am
God’s Sign
You shall worship
God at this
mountain
Then Moses said to God, “Behold, I am going to the sons of
Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent
me to you’” (3:14).
“Now they may say to me, ‘What is His name?’” (3:14).
“What shall I say to them?” (3:14).
And God said to Moses…
“I AM WHO I AM”
And He said…
“Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel…” (3:14)
“I AM has sent me to you” (3:14).
God, furthermore, said to Moses, “Thus you shall say to the
sons of Israel, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of
Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me
to you.’ This is My name forever, and this is My memorial-name
to all generations” (3:15)
Moses’ Excuse God’s Answer
I am not qualified
I don’t know enough;
I don’t even know
your name
I will be with you
I am that I am
They will not believe
me
I am not eloquent
Throw down your
rod
Who made men’s
mouths?
Send someone else
Aaron will go with
you
God’s Sign
You shall worship
God at this
mountain
You will plunder the
Egyptians
The witness of the
signs
I will be your mouth
He is coming to
meet you
Exodus 5:1
And afterward
Moses and Aaron
came and said to
Pharaoh, “Thus says
the LORD, the God
of Israel, ‘Let My
people go that they
may celebrate a
feast to Me in the
wilderness.’”
Exodus 5:2-3
But Pharaoh said, “Who is the LORD
that I should obey His voice to let Israel go?
I do not know the LORD, and besides, I will
not let Israel go.” 3 Then they said, “The
God of the Hebrews has met with us.
Please, let us go a three days' journey into
the wilderness that we may sacrifice to the
LORD our God, otherwise He will fall upon
us with pestilence or with the sword.”
2
Exodus 5:4-5
But the king of Egypt said to them,
“Moses and Aaron, why do you draw the
people away from their work? Get back to
your labors!” 5 Again Pharaoh said, “Look,
the people of the land are now many, and
you would have them cease from their
labors!”
When things go from bad to
worse…
• God is still in control
• Things are taking place according
to His plan
• There is a reason for the detour
Exodus 6:1-3
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Now
you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh; for
under compulsion he will let them go, and
under compulsion he will drive them out of
his land.” 2 God spoke further to Moses and
said to him, “I am the LORD; 3 and I
appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as
God Almighty, but by My name, LORD, I did
not make Myself known to them.”
hq'z"x]
dy"Üb.
Literally, “with
a mighty hand”
Exodus 7:1
Then the LORD said to Moses, “See, I
make you as God to Pharaoh, and your
brother Aaron shall be your prophet.”
Exodus 7:2-3
“You shall speak all that I command
you, and your brother Aaron shall speak to
Pharaoh that he let the sons of Israel go out
of his land. 3 But I will harden Pharaoh's
heart that I may multiply My signs and My
wonders in the land of Egypt.
Exodus 7:4-5
“When Pharaoh does not listen to
you, then I will lay My hand on Egypt and
bring out My hosts, My people the sons of
Israel, from the land of Egypt by great
judgments. 5 The Egyptians shall know that
I am the LORD, when I
stretch out My hand on
Egypt and bring out the
sons of Israel from their
midst.”
The Hardening of
Pharaoh’s heart
God: “I will harden
Pharaoh’s heart.”
Pharaoh’s heart was
hardened
Pharaoh hardened his
heart
The Lord hardened
Pharaoh’s heart
God: “I have hardened
Pharaoh’s heart.”
Exodus 4:21; 7:3; 14:4;
14:17
Exodus 7:13; 7:22; 8:19;
9:7; 9:35
Exodus 8:15; 8:32; 9:34
Exodus 9:12; 10:20; 10:27;
11:10; 14:8
Exodus 10:1
Plagues
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nile into Blood
Frogs
Lice
Insects
Cattle
Boils
Hail
Locusts
Darkness
Death of Firstborn
Extent
Extent
Fall upon
everyone
in Egypt
Loathsome
Painful
Fall only
upon
Destructive
the
beyond
Egyptians
anything
previously
known
The First Plague
The Nile turned to Blood
• The Centrality of the Nile
• The Magicians (7:22)
• A Lifeline of Blood
The Second Plague
Frogs
• A Picture of
Multiplication
• A Picture of
Uncleanliness
• The Repetition of
the Magicians
The Third Plague
Gnats
• A Picture of Multiplication
• The Failure of the Magicians
The magicians tried with their secret
arts to bring forth gnats, but they
could not; so there were gnats on man
and beast. (Exodus 8:18)
Exodus 8:18-19
The magicians tried with their secret
arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not;
so there were gnats on man and beast. 19
Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This
is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart
was hardened, and he did not listen to
them, as the LORD had said.
The Fourth Plague
Insects
• Another Picture of Multiplication
• A distinction between Goshen and Egypt
But on that day I will set apart the land of
Goshen, where My people are living, so that no
swarms of insects will be there, in order that
you may know that I, the LORD, am in the midst
of the land. 23 I will put a division between My
people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will
occur. (Exodus 8:22-23)
The Fifth Plague
Cattle
• Symbols of Deity
• A Judgment against the Economy
The Sixth Plague
Boils
• A Judgment upon Man and Beast
• The Impotency of the Magicians
The magicians could not stand
before Moses because of the
boils, for the boils were on the
magicians as well as on all the
Egyptians. (Exodus 9:11).
The Seventh Plague
Hail
• The Climate
of Egypt
• A Judgment
from Heaven
• A way of
escape
The one among the servants
of Pharaoh who feared the
word of the LORD made his
servants and his livestock flee
into the houses; 21 but he who
paid no regard to the word of
the LORD left his servants and
his livestock in the field.
(Exodus 9:20-21)
The Eighth Plague
Locusts
• Devastation against the Crops
• A Picture of God’s Judgment
Exodus 10:13
So Moses stretched out his staff over
the land of Egypt, and the LORD directed
an east wind on the land all that day and all
s
that night; and when
it was morning, the
east wind brought
the locusts.
Exodus 10:19
So the LORD shifted the wind to a
very strong west wind which took up the
locusts and drove them into the Red Sea;
not one locust was
left in all the territory
of Egypt.
Pharaoh’s attempts to Negotiate
• Pharaoh makes several offers:
– Sacrifice to God here in Egypt (8:25).
– Don’t go very far away (8:28).
– Only the men can go (10:10-11).
– Don’t take your flocks or herds (10:24).
• Pharaoh’s repeated capitulations are not a
sign of true repentance. He only wishes to
avoid judgment apart from any real change.
• Pharaoh wants to remain lord.
The Ninth Plague
Darkness
• An Unnatural
Event
• A Picture of
Spiritual
Darkness
• The Darkness
of the Cross
So Moses stretched out his
hand toward the sky, and there
was thick darkness in all the
land of Egypt for three days. 23
They did not see one another,
nor did anyone rise from his
place for three days, but all the
sons of Israel had light in their
dwellings. (Exodus 10:22-23)
The Tenth Plague
Death of the Firstborn
• A Universal Plague
• A Way of Salvation
• Christ our Passover
Requirements for the Passover
Lamb
•
•
•
•
One lamb for each household (12:3)
Unblemished (12:4)
Male (12:4)
One year old (12:4)
Exodus 12:6
You shall keep it until the fourteenth
day of the same month, then the whole
assembly of the congregation of Israel is to
kill it at twilight.
Exodus 12:7
Moreover, they shall take some of the
blood and put it on the two doorposts and
on the lintel of the houses in which they eat
it.
Exodus 13:17
Now when Pharaoh had let the
people go, God did not lead them by
the way of the land of the Philistines,
even though it was near; for God said,
“The people might change their minds
when they see war, and return to
Egypt.”
EGYPT
Exodus 13:18
Hence God led the people
around by the way of the wilderness to
the Red Sea; and the sons of Israel
went up in martial array from the land
of Egypt.
@Ws“Yam~y:
Suph”
EGYPT
Exodus 13:19
Moses took the bones of Joseph
with him, for he had made the sons of
Israel solemnly swear, saying, “God
will surely take care of you, and you
shall carry my bones from here with
you.”
Succoth
●
● Etham
Then they set out
from Succoth and
camped in Etham
on the edge of the
wilderness.
(Exodus 13:20)
Exodus 14:1-3
Now the LORD spoke to Moses,
saying, 2 “Tell the sons of Israel to turn
back and camp before Pi-hahiroth,
between Migdol and the sea; you shall
camp in front of Baal-zephon, opposite
it, by the sea. 3 For Pharaoh will say
of the sons of Israel, ‘They are
wandering aimlessly in the land; the
wilderness has shut them in.’”
Succoth
●
● Etham
For Pharaoh will say
of the sons of Israel,
‘They are wandering
aimlessly in the land;
the wilderness has
shut them in.’”
(Exodus 14:3)
Date
Days
Event
14th of Nisan/Abib
0
Passover
30
Set out from Elim
to come to
Wilderness of Sin
(Exodus 16:1).
15th of Second
Month
Date
Days
Event
14th of Nisan/Abib
0
Passover
Leave Egypt, turn back & settle by BaalZephon, pursued by Pharaoh, cross through
the Red Sea, enter the Wilderness of Shur,
go three days without water, come to Mara,
sweeten waters, leave Mara, come to Elim
15th of Second
Month
30
Set out from Elim
to come to
Wilderness of Sin
(Exodus 16:1).
Date
Days
Event
14th of Nisan/Abib
0
Passover
30
Set out from Elim
to come to
Wilderness of Sin
(Exodus 16:1).
60
Israelites arrive in
the Wilderness of
Sin (Exodus 19:1).
365
Tabernacle erected
(Exodus 40:17).
15th of Second
Month
Third Month
First Month of
Second Year
Exodus 14:5-7
When the king of Egypt was told
that the people had fled, Pharaoh and
his servants had a change of heart
toward the people, and they said,
“What is this we have done, that we
have let Israel go from serving us?” 6
So he made his chariot ready and took
his people with him; 7 and he took six
hundred select chariots, and all the
other chariots of Egypt with officers
over all of them.
Exodus 14:9-10
Then the Egyptians chased after
them with all the horses and chariots
of Pharaoh, his horsemen and his
army, and they overtook them
camping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon. 10 As
Pharaoh drew near, the sons of Israel
looked, and behold, the Egyptians
were marching after them, and they
became very frightened; so the sons
of Israel cried out to the LORD.
Exodus 14:21-22
Then Moses stretched out his
hand over the sea; and the LORD
swept the sea back by a strong east
wind all night and turned the sea into
dry land, so the waters were divided.
22 The sons of Israel went through the
midst of the sea on the dry land, and
the waters were like a wall to them on
their right hand and on their left.
He caused their chariot
wheels to swerve, and
He made them drive
with difficulty (Exodus
14:25)
Exodus 14:26-27
Then the LORD said to Moses,
“Stretch out your hand over the sea so
that the waters may come back over
the Egyptians, over their chariots and
their horsemen.”
27
So Moses
stretched out his hand over the sea,
and the sea returned to its normal
state at daybreak, while the Egyptians
were fleeing right into it; then the
LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the
midst of the sea.
Exodus 14:28
The waters returned and covered
the chariots and the horsemen, even
Pharaoh's entire army that had gone
into the sea after them; not even one
of them remained.
Figurative Language in the
Song of Moses
• The horse and its rider He has hurled
into the sea (15:1).
• At the blast of Your nostrils the waters
were piled up (15:8).
• You stretched out Your right hand,
The earth swallowed them (15:12).
Exodus 15:22
Then Moses led Israel from the
Red Sea, and they went out into the
wilderness of Shur; and they went
three days in the wilderness and found
no water.
EGYPT
Exodus 15:23
And when they came to Marah,
they could not drink the waters of
Marah, for they were bitter; therefore it
was named Marah.
hr'm'
Marah
Exodus 15:24
So the people grumbled at
Moses, saying, “What shall we drink?”
15:24
At the waters of
Marah
They complained They complained
because there
because the water
was too much
was bitter
water
14:11-12
By the Red Sea
Exodus 15:25
Then he cried out to the LORD,
and the LORD showed him a tree; and
he threw it into the waters, and the
waters became sweet. There He made
for them a statute and regulation, and
there He tested them.
Exodus 15:27
Then they came to Elim where
there were twelve springs of water and
seventy date palms, and they camped
there beside the waters.
Exodus 16:1
Then they set out from Elim, and
all the congregation of the sons of
Israel came to the wilderness of Sin,
which is between Elim and Sinai, on
the fifteenth day of the second month
after their departure from the land of
Egypt.
EGYPT
Exodus 16:11-12
And the LORD spoke to Moses,
saying, 12 “I have heard the grumblings
of the sons of Israel; speak to them,
saying, ‘At twilight you shall eat meat,
and in the morning you shall be filled
with bread; and you shall know that I
am the LORD your God.’”
Exodus 16:13-14
So it came about at evening that
the quails came up and covered the
camp, and in the morning there was a
layer of dew around the camp. 14
When the layer of dew evaporated,
behold, on the surface of the
wilderness there was a fine flake-like
thing, fine as the frost on the ground.
Exodus 16:15
When the sons of Israel saw it,
they said to one another, “What is it?”
For they did not know what it was. And
Moses said to them, “It is the bread
which the LORD has given you to eat.”
aWh
!m'
Man hu
Exodus 16:31
And the house of Israel named it
manna, and it was like coriander seed,
white; and its taste was like wafers
with honey.
!m'
Man - “What?”
EGYPT
Then all the
congregation of
the sons of Israel
journeyed by
stages from the
wilderness of Sin,
according to the
command of the
LORD, and
camped at
Rephidim, and
there was no
water for the
people to drink.
(Exodus 17:1)
Exodus 17:3-4
But the people thirsted there for
water; and they grumbled against
Moses and said, “Why, now, have you
brought us up from Egypt, to kill us
and our children and our livestock with
thirst?” 4 So Moses cried out to the
LORD, saying, “What shall I do to this
people? A little more and they will
stone me.”
Exodus 17:5
Then the LORD said to Moses,
“Pass before the people and take with
you some of the elders of Israel; and
take in your hand your staff with which
you struck the Nile, and go.
Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand before you there
on the rock at Horeb; and you shall strike
the rock, and water will come out of it,
that the people may drink.” And Moses
did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.
1 Corinthians 10:1-2
For I do not want you to be
unaware, brethren, that our fathers were
all under the cloud and all passed
through the sea; 2 and all were baptized
into Moses in the cloud and in the sea…
1 Corinthians 10:3-4
…and all ate the same spiritual food; 4
and all drank the same spiritual drink,
for they were drinking from a spiritual
rock which followed them; and the
rock was Christ.
Exodus 17:7
He named the place Massah and
Meribah because of the quarrel of the
sons of Israel, and because they
tested the LORD, saying, “Is the
LORD among us, or not?”
Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand before you
there on the rock at Horeb; and you
shall strike the rock, and water will
come out of it, that the people may
drink.” And Moses did so in the sight of
the elders of Israel.
Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand before you
there on the rock at Horeb; and you
shall strike the rock, and water will
come out of it, that the people may
drink.” And Moses did so in the sight of
the elders of Israel.
Surely our griefs He Himself bore,
And our sorrows He carried;
Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken,
Smitten of God, and afflicted. (Isaiah
53:4)
But He was pierced through for our
transgressions,
He was crushed for our iniquities;
The chastening for our well-being fell
upon Him,
And by His scourging we are healed.
(Isaiah 53:5)
Exodus 17:8-9
Then Amalek came and fought
against Israel at Rephidim. 9 So Moses
said to Joshua, “Choose men for us and
go out, fight against Amalek. Tomorrow
I will station myself on the top of the hill
with the staff of God in my hand.”
Exodus 17:11-12
So it came about when Moses
held his hand up, that Israel prevailed,
and when he let his hand down, Amalek
prevailed. 12 But Moses’ hands were
heavy. Then they took a stone and put it
under him, and he sat on it; and Aaron
and Hur supported his hands, one on
one side and one on the other. Thus his
hands were steady until the sun set.
Exodus 17:15-16
Moses built an altar and named it
The LORD is My Banner; 16 and he
said, “The LORD has sworn; the LORD
will have war against Amalek from
generation to generation.”
ySinI
hw"hy>
Then in that day
The nations will resort to the root of Jesse,
Who will stand as a signal for the peoples;
And His resting place will be glorious.
(Isaiah 11:10).
snE