Transcript CA-P1
Computer organization Practical 1 Administrative Issues • The course requirements are: – To be nice and open minded – To pass the exam (there is a boolean result) objectives • Understand the basic concepts behind processors, memory, and I/O devices, and be able to describe their functions. • Be familiar with stored-program computer architecture • Understand the basic functions of processor Introduction-1 • CS can be divided into three subsystems: a) The processor b) The memory and c) The I/O subsystem Introduction-2 The processor Is responsible for executing programs The memory Provides storage space for programs and the data they reference I/O subsystem Allows the processor and memory to control devices that interact with the outside world or storage data Typical computer system Computer organization Computer Processor Switch Memory BUS Memory System I/O Bus Hard disk CD-ROM V/G Card I/O System Monitor Programs • Programs are the sequences of instructions that tell the computer what to do. • To the computer a program made up of a sequence of numbers that represent individual operations. • This operations are known as machine instructions, and a set of operations that a given processor can execute is known as its instruction set. Program development tools • What is compiler? – Program that treat other programs as data. Compilers convert programs from high-level languages such as C,.. Into assembly language, assemblers that convert assemblylanguage instructions into numeric representation used by the processor, and linkers that join multiple machine language programs into a single executable file. Program development Write program In High-level language Load program into computer’s memory Compile program into assembly language Execute program Assemble program into machine language Link multiple machine-language programs into one application Program Development Program Execution The processor • Processor are made up of several building blocks: – Execution units (the hardware that executes instructions-ALU) – Register files and (small storage area for data that processor is used) – Control logics (controls the rest of the processor) The memory system • Acts as a storage receptacle for the data and programs used by the computer. • Most Computers have two types of memmory: – Read only memory ROM and – Random access memory RAM The I/O Subsystem • The I/O subsystem contains the devices that the computer uses to communicate with the outside world and to store data, including hard disks, video displays, printers,.. Question? • What is debugger?