Transcript Computer Applications in Business

Computer
Applications in
Business
[BC-302]
Web ref. www.hcc.edu.pk/it
SOFTWARES
 Computer software, or just software, is a
collection of computer programs and
related data that provides the instructions for
telling a computer what to do and how to do
it.
− COMPUTER PROGRAM
A computer program is a sequence
of instructions written to perform a specified task
with a computer.
Types of Software
 System Software
 Applications Software
 Utility Programs
System Softwares
 System software - software
designed to operate the computer
hardware and to provide a platform
for running application software.
Windows, Linux , Mac operating
systems.
Application Softwares
 Application software - software
designed to help the user to perform
specific tasks
Examples:
Ms-Office
Quick Book
Games
Flights Management System
Utility Programs
 Utility software is system
software designed to help analyze,
configure, optimize or maintain a
computer.
Examples
 Anti-virus, Backup Programs,
Cryptographic programs, Data
compression Data synchronization,
Disk defragmentation, On Screen
Keyboard, Navigator program,
magnifier, Disk partitions
COMPUTER LANGUAGES
• In all over the world, language is the
source of communication among
human beings. Different
countries/regions have different
languages. Similarly, in order to
communicate with the computer user
also needs to have a language that
should be understood by the
computer.
• For this purpose, different languages
are developed for performing different
types of work on the computer.
Types of Programming
Languages
 Low Level Languages
− Machine Language
− Assembly Language
 High Level Languages
− JAVA
− C++
−C
 Query Language
− SQL
(machine codes )
Machine Language
 Machine language is the only language
that a computer understands.
 Each statement in a machine language
program is a sequence of bits. Each bit
may be set to 0 or 1.
 Series of bits represent instructions that
a computer can understand. For
example, the number 455 is
represented by the bit sequence
111000111.
 Machine code is sometimes called native
code
Machine Language
(Continue)
 Machine language is a low-level
programming language.
 It is easily understood by computers
but difficult to read by people.
 This is why people use higher level
programming languages.
 Programs written in high-level
languages are compiled and/or
interpreted into machine language
so computers can execute them.
Assembly Language
 Assembly language is a representation of
machine language. In other words, each
assembly language instruction translates
to a machine language instruction.
 English support is given to this language
 The advantage of assembly language is
that its instructions are readable. For
example, assembly language statements
like MOV and ADD are more recognizable
than sequences of 0s and 1s.
 Though assembly language statements
are readable, the statements are still lowlevel.
High-level language
 High-level languages are what most
programmers use. Languages such as C,
C++ and Java are all high-level
languages.
 One advantage of high-level languages is
that they are very readable. The
statements in these languages are
English-like.
 A single statement in a high-level
language can translate into many
machine language statements. Finally,
high-level languages are usually portable.
High Level Language
(continue)
 A disadvantage of high-level
languages is that they are usually
less powerful and less efficient.
 Since statements are high-level,
you cannot code at the bit level the
way you can with assembly
language. High-level languages also
need to be compiled and/or
interpreted into machine language
before execution.
QUERY LANUAGE
 Query languages are computer
languages used to make queries into
databases and information
systems.
 FOR EXAMPLE
− structured query language
Select F-Name from Customer where
NIC=373737.
Customer (Table)
NIC
F-Name
L-Name
DOB
City
457283
Maria
Anders
11-09-12
NY
373737
Paula
Wilson
09-04-12
NZ
Conclusion
 That is a basic description of the
three basic types of programming
languages. Until people can process
information like computers, we will
leave machine language to
computers and use high-level
programming languages instead.
 Example

10001010100010100110010101010 (machine code)

ADD, MOVE 3,4 (assembly code)

ADD TWO NUMBER A AND B (High Level Code)

Select first-name from table customer (Query Language Code)
Languages Processors
Assembler
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
 An assembler is a program that
takes basic computer instructions
and converts them into a pattern
of bits that the
computer's processor can use to
perform its basic operations. Some
people call these instructions
assembler language and others
use the term assembly language.
Compiler
 A compiler is a special program that
processes statements written in a
particular programming language
and turns them into machine
language or "code" that a
computer's processor uses.
 Typically, a programmer writes
language statements in a language
such as Pascal or C one line at a
time using an editor .
Compiler
 The act of transforming source code
into machine code is called
"compilation".
 The compiled program took ten
minutes to run to completion. The
interpreted program took an hour.

Examples:

Before the game could be tested it had to be
compiled.
Interpreter
 In computing, an interpreter is a
computer program that reads
the source code of another computer
program and executes that program.
 Because it is interpreted line by line,
it is a much slower way of running a
program than one that has
been compiled