MET 2204 METEOROLOGY

Download Report

Transcript MET 2204 METEOROLOGY

MET 2204
METEOROLOGY
Presentation 2: Introduction to
Meteorology
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
1
Learning Outcomes
• At the end of this session, student should be
able to:
– Appreciate the significance of meteorology in the
world of aviation.
– Get some idea and overview regarding
meteorology.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
2
What is METEOROLOGY??
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
3
Definition of Meteorology
Derived from Greek words:
Meteoron – ‘high in the sky’
Logos – ‘knowledge’
• The branch of science dealing with the earth’s
atmosphere and the physical process
occurring in it.
• Its Including moisture, temperature, cloud
coverage, pressure, and other meteorological
conditions.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
4
Cont.
• Meteorologist: Scientists who study the
atmosphere. They examine its effects on the
environment, predict the weather, or
investigate climate trends.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
5
So what is the atmosphere??
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
6
The Atmosphere
• layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth
that is retained by Earth's gravity.
The earth’s atmosphere
varies vertically and
Horizontally in:
•Pressure
•Temperature
•Density
•Humidity
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
7
Is air the same as atmosphere?
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
8
• air usually refers to atmosphere that is
breathable to us, while atmosphere is any
pressurized gas environment.
So is there any air and/or atmosphere in other
planet??
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
9
Aviation
Maritime
Agriculture
Application of
METEOROLOGY
Nuclear
Hydrometeorology
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
10
Importance of Meteorology in Aviation
• Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of
weather on air traffic management.
• Overall climatic weather conditions to be
faced by an aviator with changing of seasons.
• Knowing the potential weather to ensure
flight journey safely.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
11
What’s the difference between
weather and climate?
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
12
Weather
Climate
The state of atmospheric
conditions at the present
time. Weather is what is
happening now.
(e.g. People watch the
news to see what the
weather will be for the
day or tomorrow).
Average weather
conditions for a region.
Weather over a long
period of time in the
specific area/region.
(e.g. the climate of
Oregon is mild weather,
with rain.)
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
13
Basic concept of Weather
• Why there are variation in temperature for
every regions?
– Earth’s equator received more solar radiation than
earth’s poles. So it warmer than poles.
• Why there are variation in weather?
– Temperature difference results because land and
water (different medium) don’t absorb solar
radiation equally.
– So, warm air and cold air mixing in atmosphere
result changingPresented
of weather.
by Mohd Amirul for AMC
14
Cont.
• What caused of wind flow?
– Difference in pressure in atmosphere.
– Air tend to move from area of high pressure to
low pressure.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
15
How Weather can be Hazardous to
Aviation?
1. Turbulence/Windshear
- bumpiness in flight
- structural damage to an aircraft
- lose of altitude
2. Icing
- change in flight performance
- increase in weight and uneven loading.
- engine intakes become blocked
- control surfaces jam
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
16
Cont.
3. Thunderstorms / lightning
- Can caused electrical/electronic systems failure
- Affect radio communications and navigation equipment
4. Heavy rain / hail
- reduction of visibility
- affect braking and possible sliding off the runway
-hail can affect the aircraft’s aerodynamics
- hail can damage propeller and engine blades
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
17
Cont.
5. Snow
- affect the airflow into the engines
- affect braking action
- disturbing the aerodynamics & weight of the aircraft
- resultant error of the airspeed and altitude indication
-visibility
6. Fog/Mist
- degrade the visibility that affected the landing.
7. Low cloud/Poor visibility
- can caused collision
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
18
Statistics of Air Disaster caused by
Weather Problem
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
19
Causes of Fatal Accidents by Decade
(percentage)
Cause
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
All
Pilot Error
40
32
24
25
27
26
29
Pilot
Error (weather
related)
11
18
14
17
21
17
16
Pilot Error
(mechanical
related)
7
5
4
2
4
3
5
Total Pilot Error
58
57
42
44
53
46
50
Other Human
Error
0
8
9
6
8
8
6
Weather
16
10
13
15
9
9
12
Mechanical
Failure
21
20
23
21
21
28
22
Sabotage
5
5
11
13
10
9
9
Other Cause
0
2
2
1
0
1
1
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
20
Percent of Accidents with Known
Causes
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
21
Example of Air Disaster Caused by
Weather
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
22
Pan Am Flight 759
July 9th , 1982
• Encountered severe
windshear and descended
into a residential area.
Boeing 727
• The aircraft crashed on
takeoff from runway 10
at New Orleans International
Airport
• 153 people were killed (145
passengers and crew on
board and 8 on the ground)
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
23
Buffalo Air Crash
February 12th , 2009
• The aircraft, on a scheduled
passenger flight from Newark,
crashed while on approach to
the Buffalo/Niagara
International Airport
Bombardier Dash 8Q-400 N200WQ
• Snow and haze conditions, and
ice on the windshield and
leading edge of the wings.
• All 49 persons aboard the plane
were killed, as well as one man
on the ground
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
24
Conclusion
• Meteorology is the scientific study of
the atmosphere that focuses
on weather processes and forecasting.
• Meteorology has application in many diverse
fields such as the military, energy production,
transport, agriculture and construction.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
25
Cont.
• FOO should have sufficient knowledge and
skill to interpret and predict meteorological
information efficiently.
• They must use this information to ensure
flight journey safety.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
26
Key Points
• Definition of Meteorology
• Different between weather and climate
• Importance of Meteorological in Aviation
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
27
End of Presentation #2
5 Minutes for Q/A session
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
28
Task:
• Do some research and study regarding next
topic: Atmosphere
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
29
Quote of the Day
• Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind
braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is
really no such thing as bad weather, only
different kinds of good weather =)
~John Ruskin
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
30