Transcript Weather Introduction PPT

Meteorology
The study of
the Earth’s
atmosphere
and weather
systems.
Weather
The day to day
changes in the
atmosphere
at a particular
location
on Earth.
Climate
A
widespread,
long-lasting and
recurring
conditions of
the
atmosphere.
• The amount of
water vapor in
the air
• Written as a
percentage of the
amount of vapor
the air would have
if it were saturated
(meaning there is
as much water
vapour that it can
hold at that specific
temperature).
• The movement of
heat due to particles
colliding (banging
into each other).
• Highly energetic
atoms or molecules
collide with less
energetic atoms or
molecules, giving
them energy (heat).
• Highly energetic
molecules move
from one place to
another, carrying
thermal energy
with them.
• Atoms or molecules
give off
electromagnetic
waves; the energy
carried by these
waves is converted
back to thermal
energy when the
waves interact with
some form of matter.
• The amount of
heat required to
raise the
temperature of
1.0 g of a
substance by
1°C.
• Clouds are made of tiny droplets of
water
• The way they are formed depends
on conditions of the wind,
temperature and humidity.
• Puffy clouds with
flat bases.
• Form in endless layers; You cannot see
shapes or forms in these clouds
because they are flat
• Wispy clouds
made from ice
crystals that form
when water
vapour changes
directly from a gas
to a solid
• Nimbostratus
clouds: clouds
that bring rain
• Stratocumulus
clouds: lumpy low
lying clouds that
form in layers
• Condensation of atmospheric water
vapour which falls to the Earth.
• When water droplets
in a cloud combine
or grow to a
diameter between
0.5 mm and 2 mm they will fall to the
ground as rain.
• Most rain begins as crystals that stick
together and melt as they fall through
the warmer air.
• The crystals in
clouds stick
together and form
larger flakes.
• If the air is cold
the snowflakes
will fall to the
ground
• Sleet is formed when
snowflakes meet
warm air and turn into
rain but then meet
colder air closer to the
ground and freeze
again.
• When they freeze
again they form ice
pellets called sleet.
• This forms when the
air is warm enough
to allow rain to fall
but the ground is
below the freezing
point.
• When the rain hits
the ground it
freezes instantly.
• Hail begins as frozen
raindrops known as
hailstones. That are carried
by the wind into large clouds.
• If the temperature inside the
cloud is at or below freezing
they combine with droplets
that coat and freeze on the
hailstones which then fall to
the ground.
• An instrument that
measures relative
humidity based on
the absorption of
water by certain
materials
• An instrument that
measures
atmospheric
pressure based
on volume
changes of a
sealed, partly
evacuated cell
• An instrument that
measures
temperature
• An instrument that
measures wind
speed
• An instrument that
indicates the
direction from
which the wind is
blowing
• A specialized radar
that figures out
velocity data about
objects at a
distance.
• Used to locate
precipitation,
calculate its motion,
and estimate its
type (rain, snow,
hail, etc.)
• An instrument that
collects and
measures rainfall
• A hydrogen or
helium filled
balloon that
carries a mini
weather station up
through the
atmosphere