Transcript Major depressive disorder

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Mary Jasnic and Anna Howe
What is Major Depressive Disorder?

“A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in
the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or
more weeks of significantly depressed moods,
feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interests or
pleasure in most activities” (Meyers, 2007).
What are the symptoms?
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Exhaustion
Loss of Interest in . . .
 Family
 Friends
 Pleasurable
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Activities
Depression “feels like a combination of anguish of
grief and sluggishness of jet lag” (Meyers, 2007).
More Symptoms . . .
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Feeling . . .
 Sad
 Hopeless
 Worthless
 Pessimistic

Often experience behavior changes
 Examples
include new eating and sleeping patterns
(Google, 16 November 2010)
Diagnosis . . .
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“It takes more than just tearfulness or a feeling of
sadness on the part of the client to indicate the
presence of depression”
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In addition to a medical evaluation, a clinical interview, and
possibly additional assessments, a professional will evaluate
whether a person has specific symptoms of a mood disorder
such as major depression, dysthymia or bipolar disorder.
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Each mood disorder is characterized by a unique set of symptoms,
or diagnostic criteria, which are listed in a publication called the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth
Edition
A Psychiatrist is the most credible medical professional
to diagnose Major Depressive Disorder.
(All About Depression.com, 17 November 2010)
(Vitals, 17 November 2010)
What is the Etiology of Major
Depressive Disorder?

Genetic Influence . . .
 Women
are more likely to be at risk of Major
Depressive Disorder than men.
 “Approximately
20% - 25% of women and 12% of men will
experience a serious depression at least once in their
lifetimes”
 Those
with close relatives diagnosed with the major
depressive disorder, or with bipolar disorder, are at a
higher risk to develop depression.
(All About Depression. Com, 17 November 2010)
What is the Etiology of Major
Depressive Disorder?

Psychological Influence . . .
A
person self–esteem is a determining factor of
whether or not they will develop major depressive
disorder.
 Low
self-esteem creates
a higher risk for major
depressive disorder.
(All About Depression. Com, 17 November 2010)
What is the Etiology of Major
Depressive Disorder?

Environmental Influence
 Some
people develop depression after a stressful or
traumatic event in their lives.
 death
of a loved one, the loss of a job, or the end of a
relationship are often negative and traumatic, causing great
stress
 Stress
can also occur as the result of positive events.
 getting
married, moving to a new city, or starting a new job
 Depression
can be caused by positive or negative
stressors.
(All About Depression.com, 17 November 2010)
Relation between social factors and
Depressive Symptoms
What are the treatments for Major
Depressive Disorder?

Mild Depression –
 Psychotherapy

alone is usually effective
Moderate to Severe Depression –
 Antidepressants,
Psychotherapy, or a combination of the
two are effective

Severe to Life Threatening Depression
 Electroconvulsive
Therapy – a stimulation that causes a
brief seizure within the brain
 This
treatment is for those who are unable to take
antidepressant medication
(All About Depression.com, 17 November 2010)
Depression as a Symptom
Depression is a known symptom for many diseases:
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Epilepsy
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke

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Brain trauma
Wilson's disease
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Pellagra
Huntington's disease
Parkinson's disease
Cancer of the pancreas
(All About Depression.com, 17 November 2010)
Relation Between Physical Problems
and Depressive Symptoms
Famous People with Major Depressive
Disorder

Actors . . .
 Ashley
Judd, Halle Berry, Harrison Ford, Rodney
Dangerfield, and Owen Wilson

Musicians . . .
 Alanis
Morissette, Britney Spears, Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart, Trent Reznor, and Kurt Cobain

Athletes . . .
 Eddie

Griffin and Terry Bradshaw
Politicians . . .
 Abraham
Lincoln, Kitty Dukakis, and
 Tipper Gore
(organizedwisdom.com, 17 November 2010)
References

Meyers, David G. (2007). Major Depressive Disorder. Psychology Eighth Edition. (pp. 659).
New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Unknown. (2010). Causes of Depression. All About Depression. Com. Retrieved from
http://www.allaboutdepression.com/cau_04.html

Unknown. (2010). Major Depression. Google Health. Retrieved from
https://health.google.com/health/ref/Major+depression

Unknown. (2010). Research Note on Celebrities with Major Depressive Disorder
WisdomCard™. Celebrities with Major Depressive Disorder WisdomCard™.
Retrieved from http://organizedwisdom.com/Celebrities%20with%20Major%20Depressive
%20Disorder/large/wte/med

Unknown. (2010). What type of doctor has expertise in Major Depressive Disorder?. Vitals:
where doctors are examined. Retrieved from http://www.vitals.com/disorders/papittsburg-mental_disorders-f03-clinical_depression_major_depressive_disorder3708.html