Transcript back online after childbirth

Unit 10 Modern Addictions
Skills focus
Reading
•recognizing the writer’s stance and level
of confidence or tentativeness
•inferring implicit ideas
Writing
•writing
situation-problem-solutionevaluation essays
•using direct quotations
•compiling a bibliography/reference list
Vocabulary focus
• ‘neutral’ and ‘marked’ words
• fixed phrases from psychology
• fixed phrases from academic
English
10.1 Vocabulary
10.2 Reading
10.3 Extending
skills
10.4 Extending
skills
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing fixed phrases from psychology (3)
Make sure you understand these key phrases from psychology.
addictive behaviour
impulse control disorder
repetitious enactment
altered states of mind
mood modification
rewarding behaviour
behavioural addictions
negative repercussions
self-reporting
compulsive behaviour
obsessive-compulsive disorder
substance dependency
diagnostic criteria
psychiatric disorder
withdrawal symptoms
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing fixed phrases from academic English (3)
Make sure you understand these key phrases from general academic English.
One of the …
In this sort of situation …
In some circumstances, …
It is obvious/clear that …
Even so, …
It appears to be the case that …
… , as follows: …
Research has shown …
The writers assert/maintain that …
The evidence does not support this idea.
10.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words in box a.
1 Use your dictionary to find out the meanings.
2 What part of speech is each word?
10.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words in box a.
Word
Part of speech Meaning/synonym
addiction
n (C/U)
the condition of being addicted to something
bulimia
n (U)
an eating disorder characterized by excessive
eating followed by vomiting
compulsion
n (C/U)
an irresistible desire to do something
dependency
n (C)
kleptomania
n (U)
obsession
n (C)
the state of needing something so much
that it is not possible to function without it
an impulse control disorder that drives the
afflicted person to steal unnecessary items
an overpowering, repetitive thought or feeling
10.1 Vocabulary
A Study the words in box a.
Word
Part of speech
Meaning/synonym
relapse
n (C/U), v (T)
return to a previous state or behaviour pattern
repetitious
adj
enacted again and again
salience
n (U)
substance
n (C)
importance or relevance
material or chemical composition;
psychoactive drug
withdrawal
n (C/U)
the removal or discontinuation of something;
symptoms following cessation after dependence
10.1 Vocabulary
B Read the Hadford University handout.
1 Use your dictionary or another source to
check the meanings of the highlighted
phrases.
10.1 Vocabulary
B Read the Hadford University handout.
substance abuse
taking a drug or chemical substance
inappropriately or in excess
repetitious use
making use of something habitually
social responsibilities
obligations to contribute to the community
(work, study, look after the family)
harmful effects
damaging consequences
withdrawal symptoms
the need to increase the stimulus or behaviour in
order to obtain the same satisfaction
the negative emotional and physical effects of
removing the object of an addiction
behavioural disorders
psychiatric illnesses that are characterized by
abnormal behaviour
tolerance symptoms
10.1 Vocabulary
B Read the Hadford University handout.
2 Which are the stressed syllables in each phrase? Which two phrases
have the same stress pattern?
substance abuse
Oo oO
repetitious use
ooOo O
social responsibilities
Oo oooOoo
harmful effects
Oo oO
tolerance symptoms
Ooo Oo
withdrawal symptoms
oOo Oo
behavioural disorders
oOoo oOo
Substance abuse and harmful effects have the same stress pattern.
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do
you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
1 A man is sitting at a computer
and chatting online. It’s three
o’clock in the morning. He may
be suffering from an addiction
to the Internet.
Internet addiction
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do
you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
2 A woman returns home with a lot of
new clothes in her shopping bags. She
probably doesn’t need any more
clothes. She may be suffering from a
behavioural disorder.
Compulsive shopping disorder
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do
you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
3 A young man is busy sending a text
message during a lecture. He may
have an addiction to mobile phone .
Mobile phone addiction
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What
do you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
4 Two young children are playing a
video game. They may be suffering
from an addiction to gaming.
Gaming addiction
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do
you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
5 This shows a very thin woman, almost a
skeleton. She may be suffering from an
eating disorder like bulimia (eating,
followed by vomiting), or anorexia (not
eating enough).
Eating disorder
10.1 Vocabulary
C Look at the pictures on the opposite page. 1 What do
you think is happening in each picture? 2 What
addiction or compulsion does each one represent?
6 A man is in a shop stealing small,
inexpensive objects that he probably
doesn’t need. He may have kleptomania.
Kleptomania
10.1 Vocabulary
D Study the words in box b.
1 Check the meanings, parts of speech and stress patterns.
2 Put the words into the correct box in the table below, as in the example.
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing ‘marked’ words
Many common words in English are ‘neutral’, i.e., they do not imply any
view on the part of the writer or speaker. However, there are often
apparent synonyms which are ‘marked’. They show attitude, or stance.
Examples:
Internet use rose by 15% last year. (neutral)
Internet use soared by 15% last year. (marked)
Soared implies that the writer thinks this is a particularly big or fast increase.
When you read a sentence, think: Is this a neutral word, or is it a marked word? If it
is marked, what does this tell me about the writer’s attitude to the information?
When you write a sentence, particularly in paraphrasing, think: Have I used neutral
words or marked words? If I have used marked words, do they show my real
attitude/the attitude of the original writer?
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing ‘marked’ words
Extend your vocabulary by learning marked words and their exact effect.
Examples:
Neutral
Marked
go up, rise, increase
soar, rocket
go down, fall, decrease
sink, plummet, plunge
say, state
assert, maintain, claim, argue, allege
eat, drink
binge, gorge, indulge
habitual
compulsive, obsessive, uncontrollable
10.1 Vocabulary
D Study the words in box b.
1 Check the meanings, parts of speech and stress patterns.
2 Put the words into the correct box in the table below, as in the example.
Neutral
Marked
rise, increase
’rocket, soar (v)
fall, decrease
co’llapse (v and n), ’plummet (v), ’tumble (v and n)
big, large, high
e’normous, huge, ’massive, sig’nificant, tre’mendous
(adj), extra’ordinary
good
’brilliant, great, su’perb, tre’mendous (adj),
fan’tastic, out’standing
small
insig’nificant, ’minimal (adj), least
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing levels of confidence
in research or information
In an academic context, writers will usually indicate the level of confidence
in information they are giving. There is a strong tendency also for writers
to be tentative when stating facts.
Examples:
It appears to be the case that … / This suggests that … (tentative)
The evidence shows that … / It is clear that … (definite/confident)
When you read a ‘fact’ in a text, look for qualifying words before it, which
show the level of confidence.
Vocabulary bank
Recognizing levels of confidence
in research or information
100% ***
definitely true. The writer
is very confident
X caused Y
75% **
probably true. The writer
is a little tentative
X probably/is likely to have caused Y
50% *
possibly true. The writer
is very tentative
X may/might/could have/possibly caused Y
10.1 Vocabulary
E Read the extract from the newspaper article.
1 Use a marked word in place of each of the italicized (neutral) words.
rocketed/soared
It’s generally accepted that Internet use has risen recently because of the
enormous/huge/massive
large expansion of networks across the world. Undoubtedly, this is the
cause of a big increase in the number of Internet addicts.
extraordinary/tremendous
We probably all know someone at work, or amongst our friends, who can’t
resist the urge to spend all night playing games or chatting on the Internet,
even when it’s clear that they’ll be too tired in the morning to carry out the
most insignificant/least significant
smallest of their daily tasks.
10.1 Vocabulary
E Read the extract from the newspaper article.
1 Use a marked word in place of each of the italicized (neutral) words.
We can also be fairly sure that their performance levels at work or
school will decrease.
plummet/tumble
In psychological journals, it has been suggested that Internet addictions
may fall into the category of impulse control disorders, which could also
include other behavioural disorders, such as kleptomania.
10.1 Vocabulary
E Read the extract from the newspaper article.
2 Look at the bold phrases. How strong or confident are they?
Very
confident
✓
✓
We probably all know
it’s clear that
We can also be fairly sure
Tentative
( = not confident)
✓
It’s generally accepted that
Undoubtedly
Fairly
confident
✓
✓
it has been suggested
✓
may
✓
could
✓
10.2 Reading
A Study the sentence on the right. Each phrase in box a
could go in the space. What effect would each one
have on the base meaning? Mark from *** = very
confident to * = very tentative
10.2 Reading
Word/phrase
probably caused
may have contributed to
A Study the sentence on the right. Each phrase in box a
could go in the space. What effect would each one
have on the base meaning? Mark from *** = very
confident to * = very tentative
Rating Words which show less than 100% confidence
**
*
probably
may contributed (i.e., there were other reasons)
was possibly one of the
factors which contributed
to
*
possibly one of the factors (i.e., there were several
factors) contributed
could have been a factor
which led to
*
could a factor (i.e., there were other factors)
caused
seems to have caused
***
**
—
seems
10.2 Reading
B Survey the text on the opposite page.
1 What will the text be about?
2 Write three research questions.
Teaching tips:
Remind students that surveying the text means scanning and skimreading to get an approximate idea of the text contents. They should:
• look at the title
• look at the first few lines and the final few lines of the text
• look at the first sentence of each paragraph
10.2 Reading
C Read the text. Does it answer your questions?
Teaching tips:
Set for individual work followed by pairwork discussion.
10.2 Reading
D Answer these questions.
1 What is the connection between peyote and enlightenment?
Peyote produces hallucinations which are similar to visions, and
may result in new perceptions.
2 Why did some of the Romantic poets take opium?
To stimulate their imagination and creativity.
3 Which addictions are the result of modern technology and lifestyles?
Internet addiction, eating disorders, compulsive shopping.
10.2 Reading
D Answer these questions.
4 How do substance dependencies differ from behavioural addictions?
Substance dependencies cause physiological damage as well as
psychological and social harm.
5 Does Griffiths accept that Internet addiction exists?
Griffiths thinks that the majority of Internet addicts may be using the
Internet to compensate for other disorders.
6 How do the results of the Korean research differ from those of China?
The Korean research found that 86% of Internet addicts had other
psychiatric disorders, but in China, Internet addiction was recognized
as a specific disorder.
10.2 Reading
E Find the phrases in box b in the text. Is the writer
confident (C) or tentative (T) about the information
which follows?
10.2 Reading
E Find the phrases in box b in the text. Is the writer
confident (C) or tentative (T) about the
information which follows?
Without doubt, drug addiction is not a modern phenomenon.
C
It is important to recognize that although addictive behaviour is often
associated with the abuse of chemical substances like drugs and alcohol, it is not
necessarily confined to these.
C
Many writers these days seem to agree that it can include compulsive shopping,
eating, playing video games and chatting on online social networks.
Although drug dependency and impulse control disorders, such as obsessive
texting, may be considered similar, …
T
… it could be claimed that there is a major difference.
T
… it can be argued that excessive usage in a majority of cases appears to be
purely symptomatic …
… this analysis is largely supported by recent research carried out in the
Republic of Korea, …
T
… where research has identified massive levels of Internet addiction.
T
C
C
10.2 Reading
F Look at the writer’s description of Internet addiction
in China (para. 5). 1 Underline the marked words.
However, it must be noted that a decidedly different view has been adopted in
China, where research has identified massive levels of Internet addiction. At a
recent conference, Tao Ran, Ph.D., Director of Addiction Medicine at Beijing
Military Region Central Hospital, revealed that ‘13.7% of Chinese adolescent
Internet users meet Internet addiction diagnostic criteria – about 10 million
teenagers’ (Block, 2008, p. 306). These extraordinary figures have led the
Chinese government to introduce innovative ways to control online gaming for
young people, details of which were published in an article in the People’s Daily
(2007).
10.2 Reading
F Look at the writer’s description of Internet
addiction in China (para. 5). 2 What does the
choice of these words tell you about the writer’s
opinion of the levels of Internet addiction in China?
The choice of words emphasizes the high numbers of young people
with Internet addiction in China and gives the impression that the
writer is concerned about them. The writer clearly approves of the
ways the Chinese government is controlling online gaming, and thinks
that their solution is creative and original.
10.2 Reading
F Look at the writer’s description of Internet
addiction in China (para. 5). 3 Find neutral words
to use in their place.
Marked word
Neutral alternative
decidedly
very
massive
significant, high
extraordinary
high, unexpected
innovative
new
10.2 Reading
G Study the example sentence on the right, and then
sentences A and B.
1 Divide sentences A and B into small parts, as in the example sentence.
2 Underline any joining words (e.g., conjunctions).
Example:
Skills bank
Identifying the parts of a long sentence
Long sentences contain many separate parts. You must be able to
recognize these parts to understand the sentence as a whole. Mark up a
long sentence as follows:
• Locate the subjects, verbs and objects/complements and underline the
relevant nouns, verbs and adjectives.
• Put a dividing line:
• at the end of a phrase which begins a sentence
• before a phrase at the end of the sentence
• between clauses
• Put brackets round extra pieces of information.
Skills bank Identifying the parts of a long sentence
Example:
In recent years, young women have become increasingly preoccupied
with their body image, in some cases even following life-threatening
dietary regimes in order to match the size and shape of excessively
thin fashion celebrities.
In recent years, | young women have become (increasingly) preoccupied
| with their body image, | in some cases | (even) following lifethreatening dietary regimes | in order to | match the size and shape of
(excessively) thin fashion celebrities.
10.2 Reading
G Study the example sentence on the right, and then
sentences A and B.
1 Divide sentences A and B into small parts, as in the example sentence.
2 Underline any joining words (e.g., conjunctions).
Whereas| drug abuse | involves | ingesting substances| that |
have a direct effect on brain function | and | cause
|physiological,| as well as | psychological harm, | behavioural
addictions | have | only psychological and social consequences.
However,| it must be noted | that | a decidedly different view
| has been adopted | in China, | where | research | has
identified | massive levels of Internet addiction.
10.2 Reading
G Study the example sentence on the right, and then sentences
A and B. 3 Find the subjects, verbs, objects/complements
and adverbial phrases which go together.
Subject noun phrases
Verb
phrases
Example Although drug dependency may be
and
impulse
control considered
disorders such as obsessive
texting
A
Object/complement
noun phrases
similar
it
appears that
there
is
a major difference.
Whereas drug abuse
involves
ingesting substances
that
have
a direct effect
and cause
physiological, … harm,
have only
psychological …consequences
behavioural addictions
Adverbial
phrases
on the brain
function
10.2 Reading
G Study the example sentence on the right, and then sentences
A and B. 3 Find the subjects, verbs, objects/complements
and adverbial phrases which go together.
Subject noun phrases
Example
B
Verb
phrases
Although drug dependency may be
and
impulse
control considered
disorders such as obsessive
texting
Object/complement
noun phrases
similar
it
appears that
there
is
must be
noted that
has been
adopted
a major difference.
has
identified
massive levels of Internet
addiction.
However, it
a decidedly different view
where research
Adverbial
phrases
in China,
10.2 Reading
G Study the example sentence on the right, and then
sentences A and B. 4 Make several short simple
sentences which show the meaning.
Drug abuse involves ingesting substances.
Substances have a direct effect on the brain function.
Substances cause physiological harm.
Substances cause psychological harm.
Behavioural addictions have psychological consequences.
Behavioural addictions have social consequences.
A different view has been adopted in China.
Research has identified massive levels of Internet addiction.
10.3 Extending skills
A Read the three essay questions. What types
of essay are they?
1 Description and evaluation.
2 Definition, analysis and evaluation.
3 Description, analysis, then comparison
and evaluation/argument/opinion,
plus support.
10.3 Extending skills
B Look at text A on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Table 1.
Table 1
10.3 Extending skills
B Look at text A on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Table 1.
Situation
Two studies of body weight, diet and eating disorders.
Research
method 1
Rizvi, Stice & Agras’ study: participants – postpartum women; data
collection method – self-reporting questionnaire + Eating Disorder
Inventory, Body Mass index; results – (i) abnormal dieting patterns
decreased over time, (ii) scores in body dissatisfaction increased
Research
method 2
Heatherton, Mahamedi, Striepe and Keel’s field study: participants
– college students, age 20–22; data collection method - assessment
and EDI; results – risk of eating disorder decreases with maturity
Comparison of
1&2
Rizvi study – self-reporting and questionnaire results conflicted;
limitation – only one gender, only two data sources, recent
childbirth affected results. Heatherton study – assessment →
results clear; limitation – only two data sources
10.3 Extending skills
C Look at text B on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Table 2. How do Koran’s criteria for
addiction match those described by Griffiths?
Table 2
10.3 Extending skills
C Look at text B on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Table 2. How do Koran’s criteria for
addiction match those described by Griffiths?
Proposition
compulsive buying is a psychiatric disorder.
Supporting
point 1
compulsive buyers obsessed with urge to buy
unnecessary items
Supporting
point 2
compulsive buyers suffer distress and conflict with social
responsibilities
Koran’s criteria match Griffiths’ criteria of: salience, tolerance and conflict
with social functions.
10.3 Extending skills
Data Collection
Methods
Self-reporting
Questionnaires
& assessments
D Look again at the methods described in
Exercise B (Table 1). What are their
possible advantages and disadvantages?
Advantages
Disadvantages
responses reflect
individual
perceptions
subjective
may be inconsistent/inaccurate
interpretation may be affected
by researcher bias
questions may not apply to
individual participants
responses may not be accurate
interpretation of statistics may
be affected by researcher bias
easy to apply
standardized questions
objective responses
easy to convert to
statistics
10.3 Extending skills
Introduction
introduce the topic area
give the outline of the
essay
Body
E Read the title of essay 3 again. 1 Make a plan
for this essay.
Examples of ideas
eating disorders ➔ changes over time
In this essay, I will discuss two studies of eating disorders …
I will illustrate/describe … (examples)
I will consider … (the research methods)
Finally, I will suggest … (the most effective method)
Para 1:
1. eating disorders – defined by DSM-IV = binge eating,
situation/problems
fasting and strict dieting
(general)
2. young women most commonly affected
3. research into evolution of disorder over time (evidence –
Rizvi, Heatherton)
Rizvi’s study – participants – postpartum women; data
Para 2:
collection method – Eating Disorder Inventory + 2
study 1
questionnaires; baseline – after childbirth + 6-year follow-up;
(specific example) results – binge eating, fasting and dieting patterns
decreased, but increases in scores of body dissatisfaction
10.3 Extending skills
E Read the title of essay 3 again. 1 Make a plan
for this essay.
Introduction
Examples of ideas
Para 3:
Body study 2
(specific example)
Heatherton, Mahamedi, Striepe, Field, and Keel’s study –
participants – college students, age 20–22, both genders;
data collection method – 2 assessments + 10-year follow-up;
results – risk of eating disorder decreases for women over
time
1. Rizvi’s study – results inconsistent; limitation: sample –
women only – recent childbirth may have affected results.
2. Heatherton study – clearer results; sample homogeneous
in age + both genders – BUT results over-simplified?
(evidence – Keel’s 20-year study)
In my view/As I see it, the best option is … because …
Firstly …
Secondly …
Thirdly …
Para 4:
evaluation of
research methods
Conclusion
Possible topic sentences
10.3 Extending skills
E Read the title of essay 3 again. 2 Write a topic
sentence for each paragraph in the body of the
essay. 3 Write a concluding paragraph.
Para 1
Eating disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) as disorders that involve
disturbances of body perception and eating patterns.
Para 2
Rizvi’s study investigated changes in the attitudes and eating
behaviours of a group of postpartum adult women over a period of
six years.
Para 3
In contrast, Heatherton’s study focused on the body perceptions and
eating patterns of college students over ten years.
Para 4
The results of Rizvi’s and Heatherton’s studies differed significantly.
10.4 Extending skills
A Expand these simple sentences. Add extra
information. Use the ideas in Lesson 10. 3.
1 Eating disorders include binge eating.
Eating disorders, as defined by DSM-IV, include binge eating, which is a
pattern of excessive eating followed immediately by vomiting.
2 Young women are most commonly affected.
Taking into account the current fashion for thinness, it is not surprising
that young women represent the social group most commonly affected
by eating disorders.
3 Research has been carried out to trace changes in eating patterns.
In order to develop more effective treatments for eating disorders,
research has been carried out to trace shifts in eating patterns and
attitudes to body image from adolescence to adulthood.
10.4 Extending skills
A Expand these simple sentences. Add extra
information. Use the ideas in Lesson 10. 3.
4 The study by Rizvi et al. produced inconsistent results.
Rizvi et al.’s (1997) study produced inconsistent results, showing that
although abnormal eating patterns decreased over time, body
dissatisfaction increased.
5 The study by Heatherton et al. produced clearer results.
Heatherton et al.’s (1998) study produced clearer results, possibly
because the age group of the sample was restricted.
10.4 Extending skills
B Look at text C on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Tables 1–3.
See Skills bank
Skills bank
Writing a bibliography/reference list
The APA (American Psychological Association) system is probably the
most common in the social sciences. Information should be given as
shown in the following source references for a book, an Internet article
and a journal article. The final list should be in alphabetical order
according to the family name of the writer.
Author
Gleitman, H.,
Fridlund, A. J., &
Reisburg, D.
Date
Title of book
(2006). Psychology
Place of
publication
New York:
Publisher
W. W. Norton &
Company, Inc.
Skills bank
Writing a bibliography/reference list
Writer or
Date
organization (or ‘n.d.’)
PsychNet.UK.
Author
Title of
Internet
article
Date of
retrieval
Full URL
Kleptomania. Retrieved
September
12,2009,from
n.d.
Date
Keel, P. K., Baxter, (2007).
M. G., Heatherton,
T. F., & Joiner, Jr., T.
E.
http://www.psychnetuk.com/dsm_iv/kleptomania.
htm
Title of article
Title of journal
A 20-year
longitudinal study
of body weight,
dieting, and eating
disorder symptoms.
Journal of
Abnormal
Psychology,
Volume and page
numbers
116(2), 422-432
B Look at text C on the opposite page. Copy and
complete Tables 1–3.
Table 1
10.4 Extending skills
Author(s)
Place of publication
Oxford
Gross, R.
Table 2
Name of journal
2005
Publisher
Hodder Arnold
Volume
Pages
American Journal of Psychiatry
165(3)
306 - 307
The Psychologist
12(5)
246 - 251
American Journal of Psychiatry
165(10)
1806
Retrieval date
Table 3
Date of
publication
September 17, 2009
URL
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200704/10/eng20070
410_364977.html
10.4 Extending skills
C Look at text D on the opposite page. 1 Complete a
further row of Table 1. 2 How could you write
this as a reference?
10.4 Extending skills
Author(s)
McDonald, E.
C Look at text D on the opposite page. 1 Complete
a further row of Table 1. 2 How could you write
this as a reference?
Place of
publication
Date of
publication
London
2007
Publisher
Wentworth
& Bourne
2. McDonald, E. (2007). Case studies in behavioural addictions.
London: Wentworth & Bourne.
10.4 Extending skills
D What do the abbreviations in box a mean?
&
©
and
copyright
cf.
edn.
compare
edition
editor(s)
ed(s).
et al.
and other authors
10.4 Extending skills
ibid.
n.d.
D What do the abbreviations in box a mean?
same place in a work already referred to
no date (used in a reference list if there is no date –
as is often the case with web articles)
the work already referred to
op. cit.
p.
page
pp.
pages
vol.
volume
10.4 Extending skills
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
1 Find all the research sources (e.g., Gross, 2005, p. 125).
2 Mark the page numbers for the books next to the correct reference in
the list (C) on the opposite page.
3 What punctuation and formatting is used before and within each
direct quote? Why?
4 What words are used to introduce each direct quote? Why does the
writer choose each word?
10.4 Extending skills
Quote
‘the persistent and repetitious
enactment of a behaviour
pattern’
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Source
Punctuation
/formatting
before/within each
direct quote
page 125 of Gross, R.
‘xxx’.
(2005).
Psychology: The science
of mind and behaviour.
Oxford: Hodder Arnold.
Introducing phrase +
reason for choice
According to Walters
(1999) addiction can
be defined as,
reason: what follows is
a definition
10.4 Extending skills
Quote
Taking all the case study and
survey evidence together, it can
be argued that excessive usage
in a majority of cases appears to
be purely symptomatic (i.e., the
Internet is being used as a tool
to engage in other types of
rewarding behaviour, like being
in a relationship).(op.cit. p. 249)
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Source
page 249 of Griffiths,
M. (1999). Internet
addiction: fact or
fiction?
The
Psychologist,
12(5), 246–251.
Punctuation/
formatting
before/within each direct
quote
‘xxx’.
48 words
new line,
indented
five spaces
Introducing phrase +
reason for choice
Griffiths (1999)
questions whether …
reason: what follows is
an argument
10.4 Extending skills
Quote
‘13.7% of Chinese adolescent
Internet users meet Internet
addiction diagnostic criteria –
about 10 million teenagers’ ...
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Source
page 306 of Block, J. J.
(2008).
Issues for DSM-V:
Internet addiction.
American Journal of
Psychiatry, 165:(3),
306-307.
Punctuation
/formatting
before/within each
direct quote
,‘xxx’(ref).
Introducing phrase +
reason for choice
At a recent conference,
Tao Ran, Ph.D., …
revealed that, …
reason: what follows is
a statistic
10.4 Extending skills
Quote
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Source
Punctuation/
formatting
before/within each direct
quote
page 1806 of Koran, L. M., ，, ‘xxx.’
Faber, R. J., Aboujaoude,
E., Large, M. D., & Serpe,
R. T. (2006). Estimated
Prevalence of Compulsive
Buying Behavior in the
items or more than can be
United
States.
The
afforded; shopping for
American
Journal
of
periods longer than intended;’ Psychiatry, 163(10), 1806.
‘being frequently preoccupied
with buying or subject to
irresistible, intrusive, and/or
senseless impulses to buy;
frequently buying unneeded
Introducing phrase +
reason for choice
His criteria for defining
compulsive
buyers
included,
reason: this
definition
is
a
10.4 Extending skills
Quote
‘marked distress, impaired
social or occupational
functioning, and/or
financial problems’.
Source
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Punctuation
/formatting
before/within each
direct quote
page 1806 of Koran, L. M., ‘xxx’
Faber, R. J., Aboujaoude, E.,
Large, M. D., & Serpe, R. T.
(2006). Estimated
Prevalence of Compulsive
Buying Behavior in the
United States. The
American Journal of
Psychiatry, 163(10), 1806.
Introducing phrase +
reason for choice
Koran (ibid.) also
outlined the negative
effects of compulsive
buying as,
reason: Koran is
quoting the results of
previous research
10.4 Extending skills
E Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 10. 2)
and at text B on the opposite page.
Correct versions are:
Atkinson, R.L., Atkinson, R.C., Smith, E.E., & Benn, D.J. (1990). Introduction to
Psychology (10th Ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Pervin, L.A., Cervone, D., & John, O.P. (2005). Personality: Theory and research
(9th Ed.). USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shafran, R. (1999). Obsessive compulsive disorder. The Psychologist, 12 (12),
588-591.
Walters, G.D. (1999). The addiction concept: working hypothesis or self-fulfilling
prophecy. Needham Heights, MA: Alleyn and Bacon.
Tips for Reference
10.1 Vocabulary部分，教师可让学生结成对子，完成Vocabulary bank中
有关心理学的固定短语。课堂介绍英语中性词及带有感情色彩的词汇；
介绍表达观点时完全确定、比较确定以及有所疑问的句型。
10.2 Reading部分，教师课堂讲解快速阅读技巧，讲解Skills bank中句子
意群等知识，学生课后完成练习G 。
10.3 Extending skills部分，让学生课前完成练习A、B、C，课堂提问并
说明答案理由。重点分析练习E，引导学生积极发言，讨论、学习如何列
作文提纲。
10.4 Extending skills部分，重点讲解Skill bank 关于参考文献的引用格式，
完成练习A、B、C、D、E。
谢谢欣赏！