Transcript Risk factors

What is YOUR definition of
?
Mental health defined:
“.. a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or
her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life,
can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to her or his community.”
- World Health Organization (2014)
Common Mental Health Issues
in Singapore
Common Mental Health Issues in Singapore
Chong, SA et al. (2012)
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Losing:
Hope
Happiness
Sense of self-worth
Sleep
Interest in activities
Appetite and/or weight
Can You Handle These?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Generalised Anxiety Disorder
• Common in adolescents
• Chronic or recurrent
• Often accompanied by physical symptoms
Generalised Anxiety Disorder –
Physical Symptoms
Eating Disorders
*Prevalence of Eating Disorder (Aged 13 – 19)
2010
2011
2012
75
65
95
*Source: Singapore General Hospital
• Extreme unhealthy eating pattern
• 30% needed hospitalization
• 30% picked up by schools
• 4 types:
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-eating Disorder
Orthorexia Nervosa
Eating Disorders
Common causes:
Depression, body image, post traumatic experiences, emotional
upheaval, OCD
Common symptoms:
Anorexia Nervosa
• Distorted body image
• Partial or total abstinence from food
• Sometimes purging through selfinduced vomiting and laxative abuse
Bulimia Nervosa
• Cycles of binging and purging
Binge Eating Disorder
• Uncontrolled, impulsive and continuous eating to
the point of being uncomfortably full
• No purging
• Usually triggered by an emotional event
Orthorexia Nervosa
• Obsessed with ‘healthy/clean’ eating
• Extreme exercise routines
• Typically seek to attain pure, clean and healthy bodies
Protective and Risk Factors
Protective and Risk Factors for Mental Health
Protective factors: reduce the likelihood that a disorder will develop
• Reduce exposure to risk (parenting behavior  monitor behavior or whereabouts)
• Reducing effect of risk factors (parenting behavior  caring and supportive,
access to social support)
Risk factors: increase the likelihood and burden of disorder
• Genetic, biological, behavioral,
environmental demographic
psychological,
sociocultural,
economic,
Brainstorming Time!
In groups, discuss and write down at least three protective/risk
factors for each of the following category:
Protective Factors
Individual
factors
Family/Social
factors
School
context
Life events
and situation
Community
and cultural
factors
e.g. Easy
temperament
Family harmony
School norms
against
violence
Economic
security
Access to
support
services
Individual
factors
Family/Social
factors
School
context
Life events
and situation
Community
and cultural
factors
e.g. Poor health
Low parental
involvement
Bullying
School
transitions
Lack of support
services
Risk Factors
Brainstorming Time!
In groups, discuss and write down at least three protective/risk
factors for each of the following category:
Individual
factors
Family/Social
factors
School
context
Life events
and situation
Community and
cultural factors
Protective Factors















Risk Factors















Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Is He/She Okay?
The Warning Signs of Distress
•
•
•
Strong immunity energy level
Adequate nutrients – mood
Weight management
•
•
•
Endorphin and serotonin – feel
good chemicals for mood
Confidence
Sleep
Ways to Feel Good!
•
•
•
Less likely to develop mental disorders
Maintain a regular sleep-and-wake
schedule
Keep room free of distractions
Helps to:
• Relax when
stressed
• Remain calm
when angry
Let us practice! 
Activity Time!
No idea how awesome you are?
Let’s see!
1. Write your name on the top left hand corner
2. Exchange your paper with 3 friends –
Write down 2 strengths that best describes / like best about the
person (e.g. You have a warm personality / are always so helpful)
on their paper
3. Have a look at what others wrote, to identify:
• Your strengths/traits that you are aware of?
• The ones that you did not know – are you surprised?
Remember this: You have a network of family and friends who loves you!
YouTube Video Here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JjZYLl1Ils