Transcript BDD (1)x - Amanda Richards

Body Dysmorphic Disorder
(BDD)
Presented By:
Amanda Richards
Matt Anda
Samim Fakhari
Haneen Mohammed
Real Life BDD Patients
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
Valeria Lukyanova – The Human Ukrainian Barbie
What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
“Body dysmorphic disorder is a type of chronic mental
illness in which you can't stop thinking about a flaw in
your appearance — a flaw that is either minor or
imagined. But to you, your appearance seems so
shameful that you don't want to be seen by anyone. “
- Mayo Clinic
What is the DSM-IV Criteria?
1. Preoccupation with one or more perceived deficits or flaws in physical appearance that
are not observable or appear slight to others
2. At some point during the course of the disorder the individual has performed repetitive
behaviors or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns
3. The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning
4. The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat or
weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder.
What is the DSM-IV Criteria?
If with Muscle Dysphoria
The individual is preoccupied with the idea that his or her body build
is too small or insufficiently muscular.
This is used even if the individual is preoccupied with other body areas,
which is often the cause.
Diagnosis of the Disorder
Physical Exam.
This exam can help clarify other problems that may be associated with your symptoms.
Lab Tests.
Lab tests may be ordered by your doctor, depending on your overall health or other problems
associated with your symptoms.
Psychological Evaluation.
A doctor or mental health provider talks to you about your symptoms, thoughts, feelings and
behavior patterns. You may also discuss any thoughts you may have of self-harm.
The Symptoms of BDD
1. Preoccupation with your physical appearance with extreme selfconsciousness
2. Frequent examination of yourself in the mirror, or the opposite, avoidance of
mirrors altogether
3. Strong belief that you have an abnormality or defect in your appearance
that makes you ugly
4. Belief that others take special notice of your appearance in a negative way
5. Avoidance of social situations
6. Feeling the need to stay housebound
The Symptoms of BDD
7. The need to seek reassurance about your appearance from others
8. Frequent cosmetic procedures with little satisfaction
9. Excessive grooming or exercise in an unsuccessful effort to improve the flaw
10. The need to camouflage perceived flaws
11. Comparison of your appearance with that of others
12. Reluctance to appear in pictures
Classifying the Disorder
Tied to multiple other disorders, however, BDD is the contributing factor
The thought processes affected by BDD do not get better unless treated properly
Preoccupation with body image is not related to eating
Daily life is drastically changed to limit how social activities
Most Susceptible to BDD when you have:
Biological relatives with body dysmorphic disorder
Negative life experiences, such as childhood teasing
Personality traits, including low self-esteem
Feelings of societal pressure or expectations of beauty
Another psychiatric disorder, such as anxiety or depression
Commonly Diagnosed with BDD
Depression
Anxiety
Muscle Dysphoria
Bulimia and Anorexia
Researchers are Currently Studying:
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Program
Program at Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University is one of the few specialty programs in USA for BDD
Currently Researching:
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy vs Supportive Psychotherapy for Adults
Visual Processing Study for Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa
Interview Study for Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Adults and Adolescents
Journal Articles for a Better Understanding
BDD in Adolescence: Imagined Ugliness
• Misunderstood and under recognized especially
in adolescents
• Relatively new somatoform disorder just
diagnosed in the DSM III in 1987
• Enrico Morselli, Emil Kraepelin, Sigmund Frued
were among the first psychiatrists working in BDD
• Goes unnoticed by those around the BDD
sufferer
Patient Selection in Plastic Surgery:
Recognizing Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Primary Care physicians fail to diagnose 50 – 70%
of psychiatric illnesses
• 50-88% of BDD patients seek plastic surgery and
76 – 83% of patients are dissatisfied with results
• 1 – 3% of general population have BDD
• 12% of surgeons are threatened by BDD patients
(40% of threats are physical or legal)
• The best test for BDD diagnosis is a personal
interview with a plastic surgeon.
Treatments for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).
Hospitalization
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Helping you learn about your condition and your feelings, thoughts, moods and behavior
Using the insights and knowledge you gain in psychotherapy to stop automatic negative
thoughts and to see yourself in a more realistic and positive way
Learning healthy ways to handle urges or rituals, such as mirror checking or skin picking
Teaching you other healthy behaviors, such as how to socialize with others
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (ssris).
Thought to be caused in part by problems related to the brain chemical serotonin
Appear to be more effective than other antidepressant medications
May help control your obsessions and repetitive behaviors.
Your doctor may gradually increase the dosage to ensure tolerance
of the medicine and side effects can be achieved
Hospitalization
In some cases, your body dysmorphic disorder symptoms may be so
severe that you require psychiatric hospitalization. Psychiatric
hospitalization is generally recommended only when you aren't able to
care for yourself properly or when you're in immediate danger of
harming yourself.
How successful is the treatment?
Through group research we have determined that treating body
dysmorphic disorder is on a case by case basis with no guaranteed results.
Citations
Patient Selection in Plastic Surgery: Recognizing Body Dysmorphic Disorder
http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=21402 -or- http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=21402
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Research – Year in Review
http://www.ocdla.com/blog/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd-research-review-1106
Current Research – Body Dysmorphic Disorder – Rhode Island Hospital
www.rhodeislandhospital.org/services/body-dysmorphic-disorder-program/research-studies/interview-study-.html
Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/basics/definition/con-20029953
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Imagined Ugliness
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Imagined Ugliness Journal
“I Hate Me” Body Dysmorphic Awareness Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0yJZ8mDAAQ
Plastic Surgery: Beauty or Beast
http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep05/surgery.aspx