Transcript Personality Disorders - Wiki-cik

Personality Disorders
• Excessively rigid behavior
patterns, or ways of relating to
others, that ultimately become
self-defeating.
• Most people with Personality
Disorders, in contrast with
people who suffer from Mood
or Anxiety Disorders, see their
behaviors or feelings as
natural parts of themselves.
As a result, most are brought
to the attention of mental
health professionals by a
friend or family member.
• Odd or Eccentric Behavior:
– Paranoid Personality Disorder
– Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Schizotypal Personality
Disorder
• Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Behavior:
– Antisocial Personality Disorder
– Borderline Personality
Disorder
– Histrionic Personality Disorder
– Narcissistic Personality
Disorder
• Anxious or Fearful Behavior:
– Avoidant Personality Disorder
– Dependent Personality
Disorder
Odd or Eccentric
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Paranoid: undue suspiciousness of
other’ motives, but not to the point of
delusion
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Overly sensitive to criticism (real or
imagined)
Question the sincerity and
trustworthiness of friends
Hypervigilant, as though they are
under constant threat of betrayal or
harm
Tend to be: argumentative, cold, aloof,
scheming, devious, and humorless
Not delusional (as in paranoid
schizophrenia)
Unlikely to seek treatment
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Schizoid: persistent lack of interest in social
relationships, flattened affect, and social
withdrawal
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Outer Appearance:
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Loner or ‘eccentric’
Emotions normally appear shallow or dampened
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Inner Lives generally compensate (not
balance) for lack of outer emotion
Schizotypal: eccentricities of thought and
behavior, but without clearly psychotic
features
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Have difficulty forming close relationships (lack
of interest)
Behavior, mannerisms, and thought patterns
seem peculiar, but not disturbed
May experience unusual perceptions or
illusions (“feeling the presence” of a deceased
family member)
Common among those who believe they have
a ‘sixth sense’ or can tell the future
Vague or generally abstract speech, unkempt
appearance, little emotion registered in facial
expressions
Anxious or Fearful
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Avoidant: avoidance of social
relationships due to fear of
rejection
– Absolutely terrified of rejection
– Few relationships outside of family
– Have interest in, and feelings
toward other people (unlike
schizoid personalities)
– Severe form of social phobia
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Dependent: difficulty making
independent decision and display
overly dependent behavior
– Seek advice in making even the
smallest decision
– Overly submissive and clinging in their
relationships, extremely fearful of
separation
– Avoid positions of responsibility
– Often linked to other psychological
disorders:
• Major depression
• Bipolar
• Social phobia
– Often linked to physical problems:
• Hypertension
• Cancer
• Gastrointestinal disorders (ulcers,
colitis)
– **culture is important as many of the
‘symptoms’ of dependent disorder are
perfectly normal in some cultures
Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
• Borderline: abrupt shifts in
mood, lack of a coherent
sense of self, and
unpredictable, impulsive
behavior
– Alternate between extremes of
adulation and loathing
– Intense fear of abandonment
makes them clinging and
demanding in their
relationships
– View people as all good or all
bad, shifting abruptly between
extremes
• May show fleeting psychotic
behaviors when stressed, but are
not as dysfunctional as those
with psychotic disorders.
• Have difficulty regulating their
emotions
– May harbor intense
psychological pain, and exhibit
features such as chronic anger,
loneliness, or boredom
• Self-mutilation:
– Fairly common among borderline
women
– Men tend to show outward signs
of aggression.
– Often motivated by need to
escape from troubling emotions
or “numbness”
Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
• Histrionic: excessive
need for attention, praise,
reassurance, and
approval
• Narcissistic adoption of
an inflated self-image and
demands for attention
and admiration
– Emotions seem shallow,
exaggerated, and volatile
– Often flirtatious and playful,
but are too wrapped up in
themselves to develop real
relationships
– Setback or lack of attention
result in depression
– Brag about
accomplishments and
expect praise, even when
‘accomplishment’ is
ordinary
– Lack empathy for others
– Preoccupied with fantasies
of success and power,
ideal love, or recognition
for beauty or brilliance
Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
• Antisocial: antisocial and
irresponsible behavior and a
lack of remorse for misdeeds
– Often violate the rights of
others, disregard social
norms, and break the law
– Pattern of behavior begins in
childhood or adolescence
• Two dimensions:
– Personality: selfishness, lack
of empathy, callous and
remorseless use of others,
disregard for others’ feelings
or welfare
– Behavioral: unstable and
antisocial lifestyle, poor
employment history, unstable
relationships
• Not all criminals show signs of
psychopathy, and not all
people with psychopathic
personalities become
criminals.
Film Clip: The Dark Knight
Treatment
• Psychodynamic therapy
• Behavior therapy
• Cognitive therapy
Assignment
• Explain, in a paragraph or two (complete
sentences please), how personality
disorders differ from other psychological
disorders.