Transcript Learners with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Learners with Emotional or
Behavioral Disorders
ED 226
Fall 2010
Terms to Refer to this group
• No universal agreed upon term to refer to
these learners.
• IDEA 1997, uses emotional disturbances, but
programs vary from district to district and
state to state
Kauffman (2005), identifies common words
Column A
Column B
Emotional
Disturbance
Behavioral
Disorder
Social
Maladjustment
Personal
Handicap
Conflicts
Impairment
Terms
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Emotional disturbance
Behavioral disorder
Behavioral disturbance
Emotional disorder
Emotional handicap
• Behavioral impairment
• Social and emotional
impairment
• Social and emotional
disorder
• Social and emotional
disturbance
• Personal and social
maladjustment
Students w/ emotional or behavioral disorders
• Focuses on the learner first
• Reflects the dual nature of the disability
• The implication is a lack of fit between the
child, family and larger environment
• Our work focuses on students who respond to
the environment in a way that is socially
unacceptable or personally unsatisfying
• Degree of dysfunction illustrates the lack of fit
Historical Foundations
• People described as “mad” have existed
throughout human history
• Focus on e/bd in children came in the 20th
century
• The term emotional disturbance came in 1910
• Two approaches
– Organic
– Functional
Historical Foundations
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1931, first psychiatric hospital for children
1935, first school for children with psychosis at Bellevue
Orthogenic School (U. of Chicago) in 1944
Pioneer House (Chicago) in 1946—life space interview
developed at Pioneer
Project Re-ED, in 1961, Nicholas Hobbs
1960, classic work on identification of children with ED
1965, Conflicts in the Classroom
1968, The Emotionally Disturbed Child in the Classroom
1975, PL 94-142, rights to ED children
1988, Honig v. Doe, further issues exclusion
Current IDEA definition
• Over a long time, to a marked degree, that
adversely affects a child’s educational
performance
• Accompanied by one or more of 5
characteristics
• Includes: schizophrenia, but does not apply to
children who are socially maladjusted unless
they also meet the other criteria for having an
emotional disturbance.
Current IDEA definition
• Over a long time, to a marked degree, that
adversely affects a child’s educational
performance
• Accompanied by one or more of 5
characteristics
• Includes: schizophrenia, but does not apply to
children who are socially maladjusted unless
they also meet the other criteria for having an
emotional disturbance.
Current IDEA definition
 Inability to learn that cannot be explained by
intellectual, sensory, or health factors
 Inability to build or maintain satisfactory
interpersonal relationships with peers or teachers
 Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under
normal circumstances
 A general, pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression
 A tendency to develop physical symptoms or
fears associated with personal or school
problems
Required Evidence
 One or more identified problem behaviors is
present
 The behaviors of concern differ significantly or
“to a marked degree” from the behaviors of
typical students
 The problem behaviors have been present “over a
long period of time” (more than 6 months)
 Educational performance is affected
 The cause of the behavior is not social
maladjustment
States use a combination of
 Presence of disorders of emotion and behavior
 Problems maintaining satisfactory social
relationships
 Presence of achievement or learning problems
 Deviations from normative emotions or behaviors
 Problems that are long standing and chronic
 Symptoms that are extremely serious or intense
States use a combination of
 Attribution of the problem to a specific
etiology
 Problems that have a favorable prognosis if
special services are made available.
 Exclusion from classification
 Needs for special services
 Child meets criteria through the certification
process used to determine eligibility
Social Maladjustment
• Inclusionary clause
• Problems with relationships, debated
• Used to exclude children with conduct
disorders
An alternate definition of E/BD
• Read 165-167
Assessment & Identification Issues
• E/BD only exist in the social context
• RTI
Prevalence of E/BD
• Huge range, 0.5 to 30%, most estimates range
from 3 to 6%
• IDEA reports say fewer than 1%, (0.7)
Disparity
Racial Group
% of students served in
programs for students
with E/BD
% of total school
population
Black
28.54
15.12
Hispanic
9.63
16.90
Asian/Pacific Islander
1.16
4.00
American Indian
1.42
.99
White
59.24
62.99
Levels of Severity
• Temporary
• On-going
• Residential
Conditions associated with E/BD
• Biological
• Family
• Environmental, Social and School Factors
Externalized Behaviors
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Fighting
Disobedience
Destructive
Dominating others
Disruptive
Blowing up
Hitting
Temper tantrums
Refusing to follow directions
Bullying
swearing
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Lying
Stealing
Uncooperative
Staying out late
Truancy
Setting fires
Bad companions
Using alcohol or drugs
Engaging in gang activities
Passive non-compliance
Cheating
Harming animals
Internalized behaviors
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Anxiety
Shy
Tense
Depressed or sad
Feelings of inferiority
Lacks of self-confidence
Cries easily
Worries excessively
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Fearful
Timid
Bashful
Hypersensitive, easily
hurt
• Self-conscious
• Aloof
• Prefers to be alone