Transcript File - Lindsay Social Studies

Continued on next slide.
Answers:
1. The picture
demonstrates a
normal, temporary
loss of memory. 
2. A disorder is
different from an
experience in that
there is a long term
loss versus a short
term loss, and in an
experience the
persons identity is
not affected. 
3. Answers could
include dissociative
amnesia,
dissociative fatigue,
and dissociative
identity disorder.
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display the answers.
Reader’s Guide
Main Idea
– Dealing with anxiety and stress can lead to
somatoform and dissociative disorders. 
Objectives
– Identify the behavioral patterns that
psychologists label as somatoform disorders. 
– Describe the symptoms of dissociative
disorders.
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Reader’s Guide (cont.)
Vocabulary
– somatoform disorder 
– conversion disorder 
– dissociative disorder 
– dissociative amnesia 
– dissociative fugue 
– dissociative identity disorder
Click the Speaker button
to listen to Exploring
Psychology.
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information. Section 3 begins on page 460 of your textbook.
Introduction
• Somatoform disorders are characterized
by physical symptoms brought about by
psychological distress. 
• Psychologists may challenge conversion
patients, attempting to force them out of
the symptoms.
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Somatoform Disorders
• Anxiety can create a wide variety of
physical symptoms for which no physical
cause is apparent. 
• This phenomenon is known as a
somatoform disorder, or hysteria. 
• Two of the major types of somatoform
disorders that psychologists identify are
conversion disorders and hypochondriasis.
somatoform disorder
physical symptoms for which
there is no apparent physical
cause
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Conversion Disorders
• A conversion disorder is the conversion
of emotional difficulties into the loss of a
specific physiological function. 
• While the loss of functioning is real, no
actual physical damage is present. 
• A conversion disorder is not simply a brief
loss of functioning due to fright, it persists.
conversion disorder
changing emotional difficulties
into a loss of a specific
voluntary body function
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Conversion Disorders
• A conversion disorder is the conversion
of emotional difficulties into the loss of a
specific physiological function. 
• While the loss of functioning is real, no
actual physical damage is present. 
• A conversion disorder is not simply a brief
loss of functioning due to fright, it persists.
conversion disorder
changing emotional difficulties
into a loss of a specific
voluntary body function
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Conversion Disorders (cont.)
• When a person accepts the loss of
function with relative calm–called la belle
indifférence–it is one sign that a person
is suffering from a psychological rather
than a physiological problem. 
• Most psychologists believe that people
suffering from conversion disorders
unconsciously invent physical symptoms
to gain freedom from unbearable conflict. 
• Conversion disorders are comparatively
rare.
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Hypochondriasis
• Conversion disorders must be
distinguished from hypochondriasis, in
which a person who is in good health
becomes preoccupied with imaginary
ailments. 
• Hypochondriasis occurs mainly during
young adulthood, equally in men and
women. 
• According to psychoanalytic theory,
hypochondriasis occurs when an individual
represses emotions and then expresses
them symbolically in physical symptoms.
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Dissociative Disorders
• A dissociative disorder involves a more
significant breakdown in a person’s
normal conscious experience, such as a
loss of memory or identity. 
• These psychological phenomena
fascinate many people, so we hear a
good deal about amnesia and “multiple
personalities” though they are very rare.
dissociative disorder
a disorder in which a person
experiences alterations in
memory, identity, or
consciousness
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Dissociative Disorders (cont.)
• Memory loss that has no biological
explanation, or dissociative amnesia,
may be an attempt to escape from
problems by blotting them out completely. 
• This amnesia should be distinguished
from other losses of memory that result
from physical brain damage, normal
forgetting, or drug abuse.
dissociative amnesia
the inability to recall important
personal events or information;
usually associated with
stressful events
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Dissociative Disorders (cont.)
• In dissociative fugue, another type of
dissociative reaction, amnesia is coupled
with active flight to a different
environment. 
• A fugue state may last for days or for
decades. 
• When the individual comes out of it, they
will have no memory from the interim.
dissociative fugue
a dissociative disorder in which a
person suddenly and unexpectedly
travels away from home or work
and is unable to recall the past
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Dissociative Disorders (cont.)
• Fugue, then, is a sort of traveling amnesia,
and it probably serves as escape from
unbearable conflict or anxiety. 
• In dissociative identity disorder
(previously known as multiple personality
disorder), a third type of dissociative
disorder, someone seems to have two or
more distinct identities, each with its own
way of thinking and behaving.
dissociative identity disorder
a person exhibits two or more
personality states, each with its
own patterns of thinking and
behaving
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Dissociative Disorders (cont.)
• These different personality states may
take control at different times. 
• Some psychologists believe that this
dividing up of the personality is the result
of the individual’s effort to escape from a
part of herself that she fears. 
• It is an extremely rare disorder and people
diagnosed with this disorder usually
suffered severe physical, psychological,
or sexual abuse during childhood.
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Section Assessment
Review the Vocabulary Define and
describe three dissociative
disorders. Explain how these
disorders differ from one another.
Dissociative amnesia is the inability to
recall important personal events and
information. In dissociative fugue, the
person unexpectedly leaves his or her
home or work and is unable to recall
the past. Dissociative identity disorder
causes a person to exhibit two or more
separate personalities.
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Section Assessment (cont.)
Visualize the Main Idea Use a
graphic organizer similar to the
one on page 463 of your textbook
to list dissociative disorders.
dissociative amnesia
dissociative fugue
dissociative identity disorder
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Section Assessment (cont.)
Recall Information What is the
difference between a conversion
disorder and hypochondriasis?
In conversion disorder, physiological
symptoms such as partial paralysis
are caused by emotional difficulties.
Hypochondriasis is a disorder in
which a healthy person imagines
various ailments.
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Section Assessment (cont.)
Think Critically Besides anxiety,
how might you realize that you are
suffering from a somatoform or
dissociative disorder?
Dissociative disorders could be
recognized by “waking up” someplace
that is unfamiliar or having someone
accuse you of actions taken for which
you have no memory. Somatoform
disorders may be recognized by
unexplainable physical ailments.
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Section Assessment (cont.)
Write an “Unsolved Mysteries”
style story about one of the
disorders discussed in this
section.
Section 3: Somatoform and
Dissociative Disorders
• Somatoform disorders are psychological
problems in which symptoms are focused
on the body. 
• Dissociative disorders involve a breakdown
in a person’s normal conscious experience.
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Write about a dissociative experience that
you have had.
Munchausen’s
Syndrome
Read the case study presented on
page 464 of your textbook. Be
prepared to answer the questions that
appear on the following slides. A
discussion prompt and additional
information follow the questions.
Continued on next slide.
This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Syndrome
What is Munchausen’s Syndrome?
It is a serious disorder in which people will go to
extreme lengths to avoid emotional pain. They
may create both physical and psychological
symptoms to have a physician take care of them.
Continued on next slide.
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answer. This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
3
Syndrome
What are some possible causes of
Munchausen’s Syndrome?
A possible cause may be an all-caring or allrejecting parental relationship that the person
attempts to re-create with the physician.
Continued on next slide.
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answer. This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
4
Syndrome
Critical Thinking Why might a physician or
psychologist suspect that someone is suffering from
Munchausen’s Syndrome? What is the danger in
misdiagnosing this disorder?
A physician may suspect the presence of this disorder when a
person seeks treatment but refuses to fully cooperate. It may
also be suspected when there are a series of self-defined or
self-induced symptoms for which the person attempts to be
admitted to the hospital. Munchausen’s patients have a
tendency to hide their methods poorly. If the disorder is
diagnosed but is not really present, the person may not be
treated for actual ailments. If the disorder is missed, the
person may permanently injure himself or herself.
Continued on next slide.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the
answer. This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
5
Syndrome
Discuss the following:
What caused Goodman to suspect
Munchausen’s? What types of things do
patients do to convince physicians that
their symptoms are real? What evidence
do they tend to leave of their deceit?
Continued on next slide.
This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
6
Syndrome
In 1994, Kathleen Bush was lauded in a
White House ceremony by First Lady
Hillary Clinton as an outstanding
example of a mother with a very sick
child and no medical insurance.
Less than two years later, Kathleen Bush
was arrested for child abuse.
Continued on next slide.
This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
7
Syndrome
– Her daughter, Jennifer, then 8 years old, had been
hospitalized more than 200 times and had undergone
40 operations. 
– Some accused her of having a disorder known as
Munchausen’s by Proxy, which is the creation of
physical symptoms in one’s child. 
– The parent, usually the mother, appears to be
seeking attention and sympathy from family, friends,
and physicians.
Continued on next slide.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the
information. This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
Munchausen’s
Case Studies
8
Syndrome
– In this case, Kathleen Bush was accused of poisoning
and infecting her daughter. 
– Her daughter was put in protective custody by the state
and improved rapidly after being removed from her
mother’s care.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the
information. This feature is found on page 464 of your textbook.
FYI 3.1
Tell students that in her books I’m Eve and A
Mind of My Own, the full story of Chris
Costner Sizemore is revealed. She suffered
from her mental illness from age two and had
a total of 22 separate personalities until she
was properly treated and brought to full
integration by Dr. Anthony Tsitos in 1977.
End of Slide Show
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