Transcript Health Aspects

What is Health
Health
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Past = absence of disease or illness
Today = “Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
 “health
is not just a state, but also a resource for
everyday life, not the objective of living”
Leading cause of death in US
for ages 12-19
6 Aspects/Dimensions of Health
Mental
 Social
 Spiritual
 Emotional
 Physical
 Environmental
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Mental (thinking)
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Intellectual
Thinking critically
Motivation to master new skills
Good sense of humor
Creativity
Detects problems and finds solutions
Never stops learning
 an
active mind is essential to wellness.
Social (relating)
Good communication skills
 Cultivating a support network of caring
friends and/or family members
 Requires participating in and
contributing to your community, county,
and world.
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Spiritual (being)
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To possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or
values that give meaning and purpose to your life,
especially during difficult times.
Involves the capacity for love, compassion,
forgiveness, altruism, joy, and fulfillment.
Antidote to cynicism, anger, fear, anxiety, selfabsorption, and pessimism.
Spirituality is a factor in well-being when four basic
needs are satisfied:
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The need
The need
The need
The need
for having.
for relating.
for being.
for transcendence.
Emotional (feeling)
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Optimism
Trust
Self-esteem
Self-acceptance
Self-confidence
Self-control
Satisfying relationships
Ability to share feelings
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Exploring your
thoughts and feelings
Identifying obstacles
to emotional well being
and finding solutions
to emotional problems
 Sometimes with the
help of councilors
and therapists if
necessary.
Physical
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Eating well
Exercising
Avoiding harmful habits
Making responsible decisions
Learning about and recognizing the symptoms
of disease
Regular medical checkups
Injury prevention
Environmental
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safety of food
degree of violence
ultraviolet radiation
air and water pollution
lead in an old houses paint
second hand tobacco smoke
protecting against such hazards
Psychosocial Health
How we perceive all that we experience
Factors Influencing
Psychosocial Health
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External Factors – parts of life we have no control
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Family
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Environment – stress and pressure
• Internal Factors – what is inside you
• Heredity
• Hormonal function
• Physical fitness
Factors Influencing
Psychosocial Health
Personality
• Unique mix of characteristics
• Influences: heredity, culture, environment
• Healthy Personality traits:
• Extroversion
• Agreeableness
• Openness to experience
• Emotional stability
• Conscientiousness
What is Mental Illness
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A group of mental disorders that causes severe
disturbances in thinking, feeling and relating. People
with a mental illness often have difficulty dealing
with daily life.
Changes in thinking, mood, behavior
Decreases ability to function
Leads to:
 Pain; disability; injury; loss of freedom; death
What causes Mental Illnesses?
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Changes or abnormalities in the brain’s
chemistry
General medical factors
 Psychological scars/emotional trauma
 Heredity
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Who can get a Mental Illness
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Occurs in all ages, ethnicities and religions
Males and females
Research underway to learn more about the
reasons people develop mental illness
Mental Illness Facts
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More than half of all chronic mental illnesses start by age
14
Three-fourths of all chronic mental illnesses start by age
24
(National Comorbidity Survey Replication, funded by the National Institute of Mental
Health, 2005)
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Many cases of mental illness start with easy-to-miss
symptoms, such as mild anxiety or shyness
In most cases, these symptoms will ease over time and will
not interfere with a person’s life
But sometimes these mild symptoms can progress into
severe depression, phobias and clinical anxiety
Reasons for delay in seeking
treatment:
Lack of knowledge
 Lack of medical insurance
 Stigma – afraid of what others will
think
 Early intervention leads to a higher
chance of recovery, but stigma delays
treatment
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Common Psychosocial Problems
Depression
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Depression strikes millions of Americans each year,
with less than half receiving treatment.
It is normal to feel blue or depressed in response to
experiences such as the loss of something or someone
of great value, divorce etc.
Major depressive disorder is a form of chronic mood
disorder that involves extreme and persistent
sadness, despair, and hopelessness.
Depression
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Other symptoms include:
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significant weight loss or weight gain.
inability to find joy in pleasure-giving activities.
preoccupied with failures, over concern with what others think.
diminished or increased appetite.
fatigue and loss of energy, slow reactions.
sleep too much or too little, insomnia.
loss of interest in close interactions with others.
withdrawal from friends and family.
feeling agitated, hopeless, or worthless.
recurring thoughts that life isn't worth living, thoughts of
death or suicide.
difficulty concentrating.
Depression
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Facts and fallacies of depression.
 True depression is not a natural reaction to crisis and loss.
 People will not snap out of depression by using a little
willpower.
 Frequent crying is not a hallmark of depression.
 Depression is not "all in the mind."
 It is not true that only in-depth psychotherapy can cure
clinical depression.
Two-thirds of all people suffering from depression are women.
 Biological theory states hormonal fluctuation in women as the
reason.
 Women may be under more stress than men.
Depression
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There are several different types of therapy used to treat
depression.
 Cognitive therapy aims to help patients look at life rationally.
 Interpersonal therapy helps correct relationship problems.
 Antidepressant drugs relieve symptoms in nearly 80% of
chronic depressives.
 There are many types of antidepressants available, care
should be taken to fully explore the need for their use and
their potential side effects before accepting a prescription.
Be sure to ask your physician about the medication.
 Electroconvulsive therapy is a lesser-used form of
treatment.
Seasonal affective disorder
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a type of depression known as the winter
blues
associated with reduced exposure to sunlight
treated with light therapy, stress
management, sleep restriction, medication,
and psychotherapy.
Anxiety disorders
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Anxiety disorders affect between 20 and 30 million
people. They are plagued by persistent feelings of
threat and anxiety about everyday problems of living.
They include:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves excessive worry
and anxiety that interferes with normal living.
 Phobias are deep persistent fears of objects, activities,
or situations.
 Panic Attacks are sudden onsets of disabling terror.
 Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) affect people
after they experience severe traumas
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Schizophrenia
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- Schizophrenia is characterized by the alteration of
senses; the inability to sort out incoming stimuli and
to make appropriate responses; an altered sense of
self; and radical changes in emotions, movements, and
behaviors. Victims of this disease may not be able to
function in society .
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It is treatable, but not curable.
Treatments include hospitalization, medication, and
supportive therapy.
Bipolar Disorder
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An illness that causes a person’s mood to swing from “high”
and/or irritable (mania) to sad and hopeless, sometimes with
periods of normalcy in between
The symptoms for the depressed state in someone with Bipolar
Disorder are the same as those in someone who has depression.
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Excessive activity, restlessness, racing thoughts and rapid talking
Denial that anything is wrong
Uncharacteristically poor judgment
Decreased need for sleep
Unrealistic beliefs in one’s own powers or abilities
Easily irritated or distracted
Ongoing period of behavior that is different from usual, such as
dressing or acting differently
Extreme high feelings – person is on top of the world and even bad
news and tragic events can’t change those feelings