Transcript 2. Personality Disorders

Psychological
Disorders: Part 2
Music: “Mad World”
Gary Jules
“Mad World”
Tears for Fears (original)
Today’s Agenda
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1. Schizophrenic Disorders
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2. Personality Disorders
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A) Symptoms B) Theories
Paranoid
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial / Borderline
Obsessive-compulsive
Dependent
3. Review Quiz
4. Movie: “The New State Asylums” (chapters 1, 3,
and 5) available on the web
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/
1. Schizophrenic Disorders
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Schizophrenia: “split mind”
A) Symptoms:
 1. Disorganized thinking
Content is disturbed (e.g. delusions)
Expression is bizarre (e.g. word salad)
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2. Disturbed perceptions
E.g. auditory hallucinations
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3. Inappropriate emotions and actions
E.g. Catatonic stupor, laughing inappropriately,
speaking to imaginary people
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4. Deterioration in adaptive functioning
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E.g. Neglect of personal hygiene, social withdrawal
Prisons: The New State Asylums
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Frontline Show:
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/
Chapters 1, 3, and 5 were shown in class
2 multiple choice questions extracted from these segments will
be on the final
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1. b) Theories of Schizophrenia
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Genetic Contribution: (p. 601)
1. b) Theories of Schizophrenia
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Genetic Contribution: (p. 601)
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But what is inherited?
Excess dopamine:
Evidence:
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Drugs that increase dopamine produce symptoms
similar to schizophrenia
Anti-psychotic drugs that decrease dopamine
activity lessen schizophrenic symptoms
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14.18, p. 602
Prenatal Trauma
p. 603
Integrated Model of
Schizophrenia (p. 613)
2. Personality Disorders
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Definition:
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Inflexible, enduring patterns of behavior that create
impairment in functioning or subjective distress
DSM-IV has 3 categories:
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Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric
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Cluster B: Dramatic/Impulsive
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schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid
histrionic, narcissistic, anti-social, borderline
Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful
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dependent, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant
2. Personality Disorders:
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Paranoid:
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Pervasive suspiciousness, mistrust of people
Guarded, cold, defensive
Impairment in interpersonal relationships
Histrionic:
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Theatrical, dramatic and expressive
Needs to be center of attention; Uses physical appearance to
draw attention
Rapidly shifting, shallow emotions
Somatization disorder
2. Personality disorders
(cont’d)
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Narcissistic:
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Need for admiration/grandiose sense of selfimportance
Entitlement to special treatment
Fantasies of unlimited success
Borderline:
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Instability in mood (e.g. intense anger)
Identity disturbance (e.g. feelings of emptiness)
Physically self-damaging acts (slashing wrists)
Inability to be alone
Intense and volatile relationships
2. Personality Disorders
(cont’d)
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Antisocial:
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Antisocial behaviors; violate the rights of others
without shame or regret
Superficial charm but deceitful, using lies to con others
Lack of anxiety and no sense of personal
responsibility
Onset before age 15
Most promising cause:
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Biological predisposition (limbic and frontal lobe
abnormalities)
Combined with neglect and abuse
2. Personality Disorders (cont’d)
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Obsessive-compulsive:
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Preoccupied with rules, details, organization
Perfectionism that interferes with task completion
Inflexible about matters of morality, ethics
Excessive mental and interpersonal control
Dependent:
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Unable to function independently
Allow others to take responsibility for major areas of
their lives
Lack in self-confidence/ subordinates needs to
those of others
3. Review Quiz
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For each case presented below, select a possible diagnosis according to the
following choices:
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A) Social anxiety
D) Hypochondriasis
B) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder E) Somatoform Disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
F) Agoraphobia
Wesley has gone in for a psychiatric assessment. He tells the clinician the
he has been feeling apprehensive an edgy for the last month, but so far his
anxiety hasn’t interfered with his job or home life.
Doris feels terrified every time she leaves her house, and avoids doing so
whenever possible.
Kate constantly thinks about jumping in front of an oncoming car when she
is walking. The only way she seems to be able to stop these self-destructive
thoughts is to say Mother Goose nursery rhymes over and over to herself.
Laura takes over 40 different vitamins and herbal remedies each day to keep
herself in top physical health. Recently she had some severe dizziness, but
her family doctor assured her that is was just a minor ear infection that
would clear up in a few days. Laura is concerned because she is sure the
ear infection is the sign of something much more serious, such as a brain
tumor, and she has made appointments with three different specialists to
have more testing done.
3. Review Quiz (cont’d)
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For each case, select the most appropriate personality style:
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A) Narcissistic
B) Dependent
C) Obsessive Compulsive
D) Borderline
E) Histrionic
F) Antisocial
Sophia has always been preoccupied with schedules, lists, and trivial details.
She plans everything sown to the last detail and becomes very upset if things
don’t work out the way she has planned.
In the past 9 months Andrew has been fired by three different employers. He
was unreliable and often missed work, and each employer finally let him go
when they found he had been stealing money and materials. Andrew feels no
remorse over his actions, but he has managed to convince each of his former
employers that he is sorry for his actions, and none plan to press any charges.
Ellen is self-centered, immature, and excitable. She craves attention, especially
from men, with whom she is flirtatious and seductive.
Roy alternates between periods in which he remains motionless and seems
oblivious to his environment, and periods of hyperactivity and frenzied
excitement. He seems to be responding to voices in his head.
4. Movie
See slide #4