Transcript Theories of personality

chapter 11
Definition:
Mental disorder
Any behavior or emotional
state that causes a person to
suffer, is self-destructive;
seriously impairs the
person’s ability to work or
get along with others; or
endangers others or the
community
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
(The DSM-IV)
• Major Diagnostic Categories
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Disorders diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence
Delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders
Substance-related disorders
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
Mood disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Eating Disorders
Dissociative disorders
Sexual and gender identity disorders
Impulse control disorders
Personality disorders
Other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention
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Generalized anxiety
disorder
Continuous state of anxiety
marked by feelings of worry and
dread, apprehension, difficulties
in concentration, and signs of
motor tension
• Occurs on majority of days in 6-month period
• Not due to physical causes
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Obsessive-compulsive
disorder
An anxiety disorder in which a person
feels trapped in repetitive, persistent
thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive,
ritualized behaviors (compulsions)
designed to reduce anxiety
Person understands that the ritual
behavior is senseless but guilt mounts
if the behavior is not performed.
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OCD - video
Why do rational people who know their behaviors are irrational persist
in that behavior?
Everyone has recurring thoughts and unusual behaviors. What is the
difference between this somewhat “normal” behavior and an
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
A (n) ________ is an uncontrollable urge to do something; a(n)
________ is a persistent and unwanted, sometimes dangerous
thought
Using exposure therapy many people with OCD may significantly
improve within:
a.
Two weeks
b.
One month
c.
Two months
d.
Three to six months
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Your turn
If you have the persistent thought that gremlins are
sabotaging any airplane you are on or will be on,
then you have a _____. If you cannot stop asking
for more water during flights, then you have a
_____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Obsession; compulsion
Compulsion; obsession
Phobia; obsession
Plane ticket; pet camel
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Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder
in which a person
experiences
recurring panic
attacks
Panic attack: a feeling of
impending doom or death,
accompanied by physiological
symptoms such as rapid
breathing and dizziness
Panic Attack Video
• What type of illnesses can emerge from
panic disorder if left untreated?
• How does brain imaging detect panic
disorder?
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Schizophrenia
A psychological disorders marked by:
1. Bizarre delusions
2. Hallucinations and heightened sensory
awareness
3. Disorganized, incoherent speech
4. Grossly disorganized and inappropriate
behavior
5. Impaired cognitive abilities
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Schizophrenia - video
Paranoid schizophrenia is not:
a.
b.
c.
d.
a brain disease
“split personality”
A neurotic disorder
A minor mental illness
Paranoid schizophrenia can be cured by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nothing since a cure does not exist
Behavioral therapy
Biological therapy
Cognitive therapy
People with schizophrenia
a.
b.
c.
d.
Will usually become violent
May “grow out” of the illness as they age
Will never get any better
Will only get worse
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Origins of Schizophrenia video
What evidence is there that schizophrenia
is a biologically-based disorder?
Can schizophrenia be cured or treated?
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Genetic Schizophrenia - video
Why are genetically altered mice used in this
study?
What type of disease is schizophrenia?
According to this video what are scientists
looking at as a possible cause for
schizophrenia
a.
b.
c.
d.
Diet
Environment
Defective genes
Use of illegal drugs
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Depression
Major depression
A mood disorder involving disturbances in
emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of
interest in one’s usual activities), cognition
(thoughts of hopelessness), and body function
(fatigue and loss of appetite)
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Symptoms of
depression
Depressed mood
Reduced interest in almost all activities
Significant weight gain or loss
Sleeping too much or too little
Fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Reduced ability to think, concentrate
Recurrent thoughts of death
DSM IV requires 5 of these
within the past 2 weeks
Depression – video
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Major depression can begin:
a.
b.
c.
d.
•
Which of the following would rule out a diagnosis of Major
Depression
a.
b.
c.
d.
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During childhood
During adolescence
During adulthood
All of the above
Psychotic features (hallucinations, delusions)
Catatonia
Mania
Insomnia
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic symptom of Major
Depression
a.
b.
c.
d.
Diminished interest in activities
Weight loss
Weight gain
Irritability
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Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder in which episodes of
depression and mania (excessive
euphoria) occur.
Bipolar Syndrome – video
• How do episodes of mania and
depression alternate in a person with
bipolar syndrome?