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SKILLS FOR PARENTING
PART 1, UNIT 2
Objectives
• Recognize the relationship between
the health of the mother and the
health of the baby
• Recognize that diseases, drugs,
radiation, environmental pollutants,
and birth defects can harm baby
• Identify how dads can be involved in
the pregnancy
PRE-NATAL means…
• Before birth
• What kinds of “things” do we need to
have in place in our homes before a
baby arrives?
• How soon should we have these
items?
• (at least 1 month prior to birth)
A. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
1. AGE
• High (36 + above)
• Increased chance of birth
defects
• Low (teens)
• More stillborn, premature
deliveries
Both considered HIGH RISK
PREGNANCY
2. WEIGHT
• Under or over weight
• GESTATIONAL DIABETES – a form
of diabetes that accompanies
SOME pregnancies
• Body unable to utilize sugar
• Diabetes symptoms USUALLY
disappear after baby is born
3. Rh FACTOR
– a type of anemia that destroys
baby’s red blood cells
• Rh+ dad with Rh- mom
• MIGHT have Rh problems IF baby
is born with Rh+ blood type
• Rh problems occur in 12 % of
marriages
• Later pregnancies at greater risk
• 85% of population is Rh+
• CLUE to remember = M N
(Mom Negative)
4. EMOTIONAL HEALTH
• STRESS!!!!!
• Can be transferred to baby
• Increases baby’s heart rate
ACTIVITY
• NUTRITION DURING
PREGNANCY
• “MATCHING” page in packet
B. HEALTH HABITS
(influence baby’s development)
Newborn – same baby as ultrasound
NUTRITION & EXERCISE DURING
PREGNANCY
1. NUTRITION
• Direct link between what a
woman eats and the baby’s
physical development.
• Should prepare body up to 2
years ahead.
• Diets for pregnant women
should include more:
• Minerals
• 1. Calcium—for bones and
teeth
*Food source = dairy foods,
esp. milk
• 2. Iron—for blood
*Food source = red meats
• Protein—muscle and tissue
development
*food source = meats, dairy foods,
nuts
• Vitamins
• Folic acid—for bone development
*Food sources = orange juice,
cereals, breads and more
• C:\Documents and
Settings\HEIDENJ\ifolder\PCD\Folic Acid
The Healthy Baby Vitamin.htm
• Use this website from my webpage as a
resource—I will be asking questions
about Folic acid on test #2.
Examples of spina bifida
• ASSIGNMENT: find 5 foods at YOUR
house that are good sources of Folic acid
or Folate. Write the food source down
AND the amount of folic acid/ folate that it
supplies.
( Look at the ingredient label)
*EMAIL your response to me
[email protected]
**I should have your response prior to our
next class meeting.
***This is a 5 point assignment
Bad diet can cause:
•
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•
•
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•
•
Premature birth
Low birth weight
Feeble, weak
Inability to breast feed
Deformed babies
complications at birth
Depression
Babies have fewer brain cells
Weight Gain
•25-35 pounds Total
(average weight)
•Two to five pounds
in the first trimester
•About one pound
per week for the
rest of your
pregnancy.
• Eat additional 200-300
calories/day.
• Stay away from “empty
calories”…
(foods with calories, but little
or no nutrients, such as
potato chips, pop, candy
bars, etc.)
• Weight gain is NOT all FAT!!!
• Text book, page 98—where does the weight
go?
•
•
•
•
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•
Baby 8 pounds
Placenta 2-3 pounds
Amniotic fluid 2-3 pounds
Breast tissue 2-3 pounds
Blood supply 4 pounds
Fat stores for delivery and breastfeeding
5-9 pounds
• Uterus increase 2-5 pounds
Total 25 to 35 pounds
Affect of pregnancy on body
• Increased clumsiness and
backache are the most
common.
• Many women complain of leg
and ankle-swelling (edema)
BABY’S MONTH TO MONTH DEVELOPMENT
• Page in packet
• Next slides correspond to
handouts
• NOT something I would test
over, but highly interesting
stuff!
First Month
•By the end of the
first month, the
embryo is about 1/10
of an inch long. The
heart, which is no
larger than a poppy
seed, has begun
beating.
First Month
Two Months
•The embryo is about
1 inch long and has
distinct, slightly
webbed fingers.
Veins are clearly
visible. The heart has
divided into right and
left chambers.
Two Months
Three Months
•By now the fetus is 2
1/2 to 3 inches long and is
fully formed. He has
begun swallowing and
kicking. All organs and
muscles have formed
and are beginning to
function.
Four Months
•Your baby is
covered with a layer
of thick, downy hair
called lanugo. His
heartbeat can be
heard clearly. This is
when you may feel
your baby's first kick.
4 months
Five Months
•A protective coating
called vernix caseosa
begins to form on baby's
skin. By the end of this
month, your baby will be
nearly 8 inches long and
weigh almost a pound.
Six Months
•Eyebrows and
eyelids are visible.
Your baby's lungs
are filled with
amniotic fluid, and he
has started breathing
motions. If you talk
or sing, he can hear
you.
6 Months
Seven Months
•By the end of the
seventh month, your
baby weighs about 3
1/2 pounds and is
about 12 inches long.
His body is wellformed. Fingernails
cover his fingertips
Eight Months
•Your baby is gaining
about half a pound
per week, and layers
of fat are piling on.
He has probably
turned head-down in
preparation for birth.
He weighs between 4
and 6 pounds.
Nine Months
•Your baby is a hefty
6 to 9 pounds and
measures between
19 and 22 inches. As
he becomes more
crowded, you may
feel him move
around less.
3. HYGIENE
• Pay attention to your looks,
makeup and clothes—you
will feel better
• Replace tub baths with
showers in late pregnancy—
more chance of falling,
vaginal infection from bubble
bath suds
4. REST
• When you can—baby is up a
lot at night after it’s born.
• Body tires easily in
pregnancy—treat it right.
5. Exercise during Pregnancy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduces fatigue and helps manage
stress
Increases endurance and strengthening
muscles
Help relieve back pressure
Improve posture and balance
Improve circulation & lowers
blood pressure
Helps prepare for the strain of labor.
Improve self image.
Regain figure faster.
EATING HABITS
Food Pyramid
{page 96+97 text may help}
Food Groups
And
Serving Amounts
Orange = grains
Green = veggies—
eat more green and
orange ones
Red = fruit—eat a
variety
Guide to Good Eating During Pregnancy
• Milk-Cheese Group - 3 servings (Pregnant
Teens: add 1 serving)
Count as 1 serving: 1 cup milk, 1 1/2 cup
cottage cheese; 2 cups ice cream; 2, 1-inch
cubes cheese.
• Meat, Poultry, Fish and Beans - 3 servings
Count as one serving: 2 to 3 ounces meat,
fish or poultry; 2 eggs; 2 slices lunch meat; 4
Tbsp. peanut butter; 1 cup kidney, pinto or
garbanzo beans
• Fruit Group - 3 servings (Pregnant Teens:
add 1 serving)
Count as 1 serving: 3/4 cup juice; 1
medium banana, apple or orange.
• Vegetable Group - 4 servings (Pregnant
Teens: add 1 serving)
Count as 1 serving: 1/2 cup cooked
vegetables; 1 cup raw leafy vegetables;
3/4 cup juice.
• Include every day:
1 rich Vitamin C source such as citrus
fruit and 1 dark green leafy vegetable
• Bread and Cereals Group - 9 servings (Pregnant
Teens: add 1 to 2 servings)
Count as 1 serving: 1 slice bread; 1-ounce readyto-eat cereal; 1/2 to 3/4 cup cooked cereal or
pasta.
• Fats, Oils and Sweets Group - Use Sparingly
Count as 1 serving: 1 Tbsp. corn, safflower or
cottonseed oil used in cooking or in salad
dressing; 1 Tbsp. butter or margarine.
Cakes, pies, cookies, soft drinks, sugar, honey,
candy, jams, jellies, gravies, butter, sour cream –
Save these to eat only if you need extra calories
after eating the basic needed foods.
PRE-NATAL EATING
• 1. Record the foods you ate in the
last 24 hours on the sheet in your
packet
• 2. Follow instructions on handout
entitled “The Expectant Mother’s
Prenatal Nutrition”.
• This is a 25 point assignment.
Nutrient Intakes For jheiden on 4/9/2007
A nutrient recommendation is a target or goal for intake of a nutrient. Your requirement for a
particular nutrient is unique to you, but it is likely to be lower than the recommended number. If
your intake is at or above this number, then it is probably adequate. If your intake is below this
number, that does not necessarily mean an inadequate intake. If today's intake is typically what
you eat, and your intake for a nutrient is at or above the recommendation, it is likely that your
intake of that nutrient is adequate. To better assess your usual nutrient intake, you should report
foods eaten for two or more days and review your nutrient intake over time. Click here if you want
to see your nutrient profile with technical assessment information.
Your Intake
Recommendation or
Acceptable Range
1327
1866
59
46
200
130
11
21
37.5
29.5 - 51.6
Saturated Fat (gm)
7.2
< 14.7
Monounsaturated Fat (gm)
10
**
Polyunsaturated Fat (gm)
11
**
Linoleic (omega 6) (gm)
9.2
11
Alpha Linolenic (omega 3) (gm)
1.1
1.1
Cholesterol (mg)
70
< 300
477.6
700
55.4
75
3
15
1.6
1.1
Nutrient
Food Energy/Total Calories (kcals)
Protein (gm)
Carbohydrate (gm)
Total Fiber (gm)
Total Fat (gm)
Vitamin A (mcg RAE)
Vitamin C (mg)
Vitamin E (mg -TE)
Thiamin (mg)
Comparison of Your Intake with
MyPyramid Recommendations for
jheiden
Your Pyramid Stats
Milk Intake
0.8 cup equivalent
Milk Recommendation
3 cup equivalent
Meat and Beans Intake
4.9 oz equivalent
Meat and Beans Recommendation
5 oz equivalent
Vegetables Intake
2.6 cup equivalent
Vegetables Recommendation
Fruits Intake
2.5 cup equivalent
0.6 cup equivalent
Fruits Recommendation
1.5 cup equivalent
Grains Intake
5.9 oz equivalent
Grains Recommendation
6 oz equivalent
________________________________________________________
____
Pyramid
Categories
Back
Percent
Recommendation
Milk
27%
Meat and Beans
98%
Vegetables
104%
Fruits
40%
Grains
98%
Nutrient
Intakes
HEI Score
Calculate
History
• Writing assignment: (examples)
• My current eating habits: I eat
breakfast every morning. I usually
have cereal with milk and juice. For
lunch… (continue with YOUR day).
• Pregnant women should change their
eating habits by (use your knowledge
from class discussion, notes, the ppt
presentation, etc. to answer this
question. I am looking for specific
things in this response.)
• The food guide pyramid stats for my
food intake indicate that I have
consumed 25% of the total milk
requirement. I could eat more
yogurt, cottage cheese, skim
milk….etc. throughout the whole
food pyramid grouping.
• Weight gain during pregnancy is
influenced by…..
“fast” food
1. Single serve fruit
bowls
2. Raisins
3. Yogurt
4. Easy-to-make
trail mix
5. Salad Bar
6. Baby carrots
7. String Cheese
8. Boxed, calcium
fortified orange
juice
9. Single-serve
boxes of cereal
10. Single-serve
cottage cheese
bowl
Foods to avoid:
1. Ramen Noodles—high salt
2. Sodas
3. Pre-packaged lunches
(like lunchables)—high salt
4. Almost all prepared, frozen meals
5. Iceberg lettuce
Sample Menu 2000 Calories
•BREAKFAST
½ grapefruit
¾ cup oatmeal
1 t. raisins
1 whole wheat English
muffin with 1 t. margarine
•LUNCH
Salad with:
1 cup romaine lettuce
½ cup kidney beans, cooked
½ fresh tomato
1 oz skim mozzarella cheese
2 tbsp low calorie Italian
dressing
1 bran muffin
½ cup cantaloupe chunks
•AFTERNOON SNACK
2 rice cakes
6 oz low-fat yogurt, plain
½ cup blueberries
•DINNER
¾ cup vegetable soup with
¼ cup cooked barley
3 oz chicken, w/o skin
1 baked potato
½ cup cooked broccoli
1 piece whole wheat bread
1 tsp margarine
1 fresh peach
•BEDTIME SNACK
1 apple
2 cups popcorn, plain
¼ cup peanuts
ACTIVITY
• Using the food models, create meals
for the day for the situation you were
given.
C. HEALTH HAZARDS
20% of birth defects are inherited and most
are caused by:
1. DISEASES
• See charts pages 100-102
• Write down 3 diseases on
your notes page AND a short
description of what it is.
Choose ones that are new or
interesting to you.
2. DRUGS
COMMON ONES INCLUDE:
• Over The Counter Medications—do
NOT take without doctors
consent/knowledge
• Alcohol—how much is too much?
Don’t chance it!! FAS, brain damage
• Nicotine—causes low birth weight of
baby; greater chance of SIDS and
asthma
• Illegal drugs—physical deformities
possible
3. RADIATION
• Take precautions in dental
checkups, x-rays, place of
work
• what things can you think
of for being careful at
work?
4. POLLUTION
• Lead (from paint, possibly)
• Chemicals—from cleaning,
refinishing projects
• Pesticides—gardening, other
lawn work
• Herbicides—farm work
• Area you live in—smog, nuclear
fallout
ACTIVITY
• +/- Moms to be
• T/F on drugs + alcohol
SENSES
Senses functioning in babies
BEFORE birth
• HEARING—most developed sense at
birth. They “know” your voice
• SIGHT—least developed sense at
birth—see about 10 inches away
• TOUCH—skin is largest sense
organs. Motion—soothing to baby
• TASTE—babies swallow amniotic
fluid
FAMILY INVOLVEMENT
• DADS:
*reassure
and support wife
*help select medical care
*coach during
labor/delivery
*be involved with
pregnancy from the
beginning.
CHILDBIRTH CHOICES:
1. AT HOME—with nurse/midwife
2. AT HOSPITAL
1. NATURAL—with limited or
no drugs; mom knows what to
expect (classes)
LaMaze-- breathe
LeBoyer—focuses on
comfort of baby; dim lighting; low
noise level in delivery room;
• 2. Caesarian birth—mom’s abdomen
and uterus are cut; baby lifted out
• Several reasons to have a C-section
•
•
•
•
•
Small pelvis
Large baby
Incorrect birth position of baby
Previous births C-sections
Placenta covers cervix
Many hospitals use a combination
of labor-easing methods —ask
your Dr.!!!
Activity
• www.AmericanBaby.com
• Click on Pregnancy on the top tool
bar of that page
• Pregnancy quizzes
• Your pregnant body
• Quiz: test your pregnancy
nutrition I.Q.