Transcript Mental Health

Question # 1
In Ontario, what percentage of children
and youth between the ages 4-16 suffer
from some type of mental illness?
The Answer?
20%
Question # 2
What is the second* most common
cause of death in teens?
(*the #1 cause is accidental death)
The Answer?
Suicide
Question # 3
What percentage of individuals who
are depressed respond to treatment?
The Answer?
80-90%
Question # 4
Can you name three negative things
people with mental illness or mental
health difficulties might have to face?
The Answer?
Stigma
Alienation
Misunderstanding
What is mental health?
Mental health can be measured by how well we cope
with stress, relate to others and make choices.
Mental health is important at every stage of life, from
childhood and adolescence through adulthood.
Mental Health
Mental health relates to feeling good, both
mentally and physically.
When you are mentally healthy, you are
generally high functioning in your thinking,
behavior, and feelings. You may have your ups
and downs, but your general state of being is
good.
Mental Health is how we…
Feel – feelings, sentiments, moods, sensitivity,
affection, attachment, and relationships (self and
others)
Think – thinking, memory, learning, language,
decision making, problem solving, understanding,
point of view, and relationships (self and others)
Act – actions, deeds, activities, manners,
conduct, performance, and relationships (self and
others)
Mental Health Difficulties
Mental health difficulties can range
from…
• temporary reactions to a painful
event or stress, symptoms of drug
or alcohol use, lack of sleep, etc.
• to more severe psychiatric
conditions and mental illness,
such as depression and anxiety.
Factors contributing to mental health difficulties:
• The environment
• Personal life experiences
• Your physical body
Major Mental Health Problems
Psychosis
Mood
Anxiety
Personality
Addiction
Eating Disorders
What is Psychosis?
A loss of contact with reality that usually
includes:
• Delusions - False beliefs about what is taking
place or who one is
• Hallucinations - Seeing or hearing things that
aren't there
Treatment of Psychosis
Medication
Skill Building
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Social networks for support
Medication Compliance
Occupational support and job
Relapse prevention / Stress Management
Mental Health Disorders
Mood
Disorders
Anxiety
Disorders
Personality
Disorders
Schizophrenia
Mood disorders
refer to a chemical
imbalance that
causes a persistent
change in a
person’s behavior
and interferes with
their daily living.
An Anxiety disorder An enduring pattern
is when this anxious
of behaviour that
feeling persists with
deviates from the
physiological
individuals culture,
symptoms and
has onset in
interferes with
adolescence or
normal functioning. early adulthood and
leads to distress.
A thought disorder,
characterized by a
history of acute
psychosis and lasts
for at least 6
months.
Examples of mood
disorders: Mania,
Bi-polar, depression
and seasonal
affective disorder.
Examples of
Anxiety Disorders:
Panic disorder,
generalized anxiety
disorder, post
traumatic stress
disorder.
OCD
Caused by changes
in brain chemistry,
genetics which
affects thinking,
perception, mood
and behavoiur.
Examples of
personality
disorders:
Borderline
personality
disorder, antisocial
personality disorder
Commonly Held Misconceptions
of Mental Illness
People with mental illness are always violent and
dangerous
People with mental illness are somehow
responsible for their condition
People with mental illness have nothing positive
to contribute
• We need to reduce the stigma associated with mental
illness.
• We need to develop a strong sense of understanding,
empathy, compassion and tolerance
Common Myths
and Mental Illness
Myth #1
You can always tell
when someone is
experiencing mental
illness
Fact
Not all people who look
or act differently are
mentally ill. Some
people exhibit
eccentric behaviour as
a matter of choice and
not because of mental
illness.
Myth #2
Mental illnesses are
long-term illnesses.
Fact
Mental illness is not
necessarily long term.
Some mentally ill
people may have
several episodes of
mental illness in their
lifetime while having
long periods of healthy
living in between.
Myth #3
Mental illness is
associated with a low
level of intelligence.
Fact
On the contrary, people
with mental illnesses
are of average or
above average IQ.
1) Mood Disorders
Depression
SAD (seasonal affective disorder)
Mania
Bipolar I & II
Depression
Low mood
Anhedonia - lack of pleasure
Unintentional Weight Change
Insomnia or Hypersomnia
Fatigue or Loss of Energy
Worthlessness or Guilty
Thinking problems
Morbid thoughts
Depression
Is very common component of substance use
and withdrawal, particularly alcohol, opioids,
steroids and stimulants.
Typically takes 4-8 weeks of clean time before
substance-induced depression can be ruled out
Older adults who abuse substances usually have
mood disorders
Depressed persons have some preference for
stimulants and alcohol
Mania
 A state of abnormally elevated or
irritable mood, arousal, and/or
energy levels. In a sense, it is the
opposite of depression
Decreased need for sleep
Talkative or fast talking
Flight of ideas
Distractible
Excessive pleasure seeking
Can be brought on by stimulant use
or depressant withdrawal
Bipolar I and II
Both require having had at least a 2 week
episode of depression and
• a one week episode of mania (I)
• 4 days of hypomania (II)
Continuum of depression
Depression
Normal
Sadness/
Grieving/Blues
Depression
Bipolar
Manic
Normal
Depressed
Treatment of Mood Disorders
Medications
Psychotherapy
Occupational Therapy
Exercise
2) Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Phobias
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
 A discreet period (< 30minutes) reaching a peak within 10
minutes with 4 or more of …
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Palpitations, pounding heart, or fast heart rate
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath or feeling smothered
Feelings of choking
Chest pain
Nausea
Feeling dizzy, light-headed, faint, or unsteady
Fear of losing control / going crazy
Numbness
Chills or hot flashes
Phobias
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Technophobia
Sciophobia
Decidophobia
Nyctophobia
Topophobia
Gatophobia
Hydrophobia
Spermophobia
Aerophobia
Agoraphobia
Claustrophobia
Gamophobia
Scholionophobia
Pyrophobia
- fear of technology
- fear of shadows
- fear of decision making
- fear of nights
- fear of performing (stage freight)
- fear of cats
- fear of water
- fear of germs
- fear of flying
- fear of open spaces
- fear of enclosed spaces
- fear of marriage
- fear of school
- fear of fire
Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
1. Person exposed to trauma
2. Event is persistently recurrently experienced
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Intrusive memories of event
Dreams of the event
Feeling as if they are reliving the event
As intense distress or physiological reactivity when
exposed to cues that resemble or symbolize the event
3. Avoidance of stimuli and numbing
responsiveness
4. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal
Anxiety Treatment
Medications preferably very short-term
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Trauma therapies to reprocess memories
3) Personality Disorders
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Personality
Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Marked by repeated obsessions and or
compulsions that are so severe that ehy interfere
with everyday activities.
Obsessions are disturbing, intrusive thoughts,
ideas or images that cause anxiety or distress
Examples are washers (fear contamination),
checkers (repeatedly check things like locks,
ovens, irons etc.), counters (ruled by magical
thinking and superstitions, hoarders (people who
can not throw things away)
Therapy for
Personality Disorder
Medications for symptom management
Psychotherapy
4) Schizophrenia
A disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech and or catatonic behaviour
Delusions are false beliefs
Hallucinations can be auditory, visual or any of
the 5 senses
It is also associated with a deterioration of a
person’s ability to function at work, school and or
socially
It may begin in late adolescence or early
adulthood
Drug use may initiate this change
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
Refusal to maintain normal body weight for
age & height
Intense fear of weight gain
Disturbance in self-evaluation of body
shape and size, denial of serious of
underweight
Amenorrhea in postmenstrual women
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent binge eating episodes
Recurrent purging to avoid weight gain
Binge eating and purging occur on
average, at least twice a week for 3 months
Self-evaluation influenced by body shape
and weight
Treatment of Eating Disorders
Medical stabilization
Medication
Individual therapy
Family Therapy- several models are being
researched
Nutrition Education
Team approach