Transcript Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Disorder
Dajshone Bruce
Psychology , period 3
May 1,2011
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Bipolar Disorder
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A mood in which the person alternates between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the over
excited state of mania.
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Bipolar disorders are often more dysfunctional, claiming that
twice as many lost workdays yearly.
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Associated Features
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mania- a mood disorder market by a hyper active wildly
optimistic state.
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Hypomania episodes- a less intense and less disruptive
state of euphoria.
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Mixed episodes- a period lasting at least a week, in which
the symptoms of both a manic episode and a major
depressive episode occur together in rapidly alternating
fashion.
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Associated Features
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Bipolar Disorder Types
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Bipolar I Disorder
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Individuals have had at least one full manic or mixed
mood episode and many suffer from episodes of
depression.
Bipolar II Disorder
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Individuals have at least one depressive episode and at
least one hypo manic episode, but never experience a
full manic or mixed mood episode.
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Associated Features
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Symptoms of Mania
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Exaggerated euphoria
Distractibility
Flight ideas
Insomnia
Rapid speech
Symptoms of Depression
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Sad moods
Fatigue or loss of energy
Appetite changes
Ability to concentrate
Thoughts of suicide
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Associated Features
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DSM-IV-TR Criteria
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A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the
symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly due to a general medical condition,
or mood-incongruent delusions or hallucinations.
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depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either
subjective report (e.g., feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (e.g.
appears tearful). Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.
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markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most
of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or
observation made by others)
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significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more
than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly
every day. Note: In children, consider failure to make expected weight gains.
4.
insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
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Associated Features
DSM-IV-TR Criteria (continue)
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psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not
merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down)
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fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
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feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be
delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick)
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diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
(either by subjective account or as observed by others)
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recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation
without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide
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Etiology
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Biological
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If one parent has a mood disorder, approximately 30% of the
time the children are at risk of developing a disorder.
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When both parents have mood disorder there as 50% and 75%
chance the children will develop a mood disorder.
Family and social environment
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Child neglect can cause a bipolar disorder.
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Unstable and unsecure relation between a child and parent
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Feelings of being unloved.
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Etiology
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Diagnosis
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Patient might not be able to recognize his or her own
conditions, in the manic state.
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Hypomania persists for at least 4 days.
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Patients with hypomania are easily distracted and overly
talkative.
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Patients with hypomania have difficulty functioning.
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Children or adolescents with bipolar disorder my be in
appropriately diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder(ADHD)
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Prevalence
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Increase from age, gender, and family history.
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Women: rapid cycling and mixed states.
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Men: substance abuse.
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15-19 :type 1
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20-30 :type 2
Bipolar disorder is equal between men and women.
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Type I Worldwide: 1.0%
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Type II Worldwide: 1.4%
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Bipolar Disorder worldwide: 2.4%
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Treatment
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Biological treatment
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Antidepressant medication is most common form of somatic
treatment. Ex. Lithium.
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Monoamine oxidose inhibitors.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Psychological treatment
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Family or group therapy.
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Teaching certain social skills.
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Seek out activities for mood balance.
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Homework assignments.
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Prognosis
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1.6% of the world have bipolar disorder at some point in
life.
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Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in males and females.
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Bipolar disorder most commonly appears in people in their
twenties.
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References
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Halgain,r.p.,& whitbourne, S.K.(2005). Abnormal psychology
clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York,NY:
McGraw Hill.
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Myers, D.G.(2011).Myers psychology for ap. NY:Worth
publishers.
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Williams,r.(2010). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved from
www.bettermedicine.com/article/bipolar-disorder.
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Maryland center.(2011).bipolar disorder-treatment.
Retrieved from
www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_electroconvulsive_th
erapy_other_procedures_bipolar_disorder_000066_8.htm
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Discussion Questions
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If a patient Is diagnosed with a Bipolar disorder what would
be the proper treatment for the patient.
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Nyla has trouble sleeping at night. She frequently have manic
episodes and suffers from episodes of depression. Many
days she is unable to go to work because during her
episodes of depression she is unable to function. What type
of bipolar does Nyla have, Bipolar I disorder or Bipolar II
disorder. Explain.
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During an episode of mania, a patient can undergo two
phases of mania. What are the two types?