Transcript Personality - Neuropsych2011DukeTIP

Personality
June 22, 2011
Collect Dream Journals
The Case of Phineas Gage
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Phineas-Gage-Neurosciences-Most-Famous-Patient.html
Phineas & Personality
• Phineas had damage to his
Frontal lobe.
• After the accident, Phineas
showed profound changes in
personality.
• Therefore, perhaps
personality is correlated with
the Frontal Lobe.
• Similar findings have been
reported following
psychosurgical procedures
that damage the frontal lobe.
http://www.mesacc.edu/dept/d10/asb/origins/phineas.html
Frontal Lobe & Personality
• As a result of these studies, we can suggest that
the frontal lobe is implicated in:
–
–
–
–
–
Restraint
Orderly thought
Planning appropriate action
Some forms of memory
Preventing repetitive behaviors (perseveration)
Freudian Psychoanalysis
Theory & Practice of Counseling & Psychotherapy, 7th Ed
Gerald Corey, 2005, USA, Thompson Learning
The Basis of Freudian Psychoanalysis
• Freud viewed human
nature as
deterministic:
behavior is
determined by our
unconscious nature
and instinctual
biological forces
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud_LIFE.jpg
The Divided Personality
• ID: Biological &
pleasure principle
• EGO: Psychological
& reality principle
• SUPEREGO: Social
& ideal standards of
conduct
http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html
Nice Theory, But..
• Is there any clinical evidence to support it?
• Freud lists the following:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Dreams
Slips of the tongue & memory lapses
Posthypnotic suggestions
Free-association material
Projection material
Psychotic symptoms & their symbolic content
Freudian Dream Analysis
• Dreams have 2 types of
content:
– Latent: High symbolic,
reflection of unconscious
motives & desires
– Manifest: The dream at
face value
• Latent content is
considered so painful that
it is subverted into
manifest content and can
only be revealed by
dream work.
https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/d/dream_analysis.asp
Coping with Stress & Trauma
• Freud suggests a variety of defense mechanisms
that help us deal with stress and trauma on an
unconscious level by distorting reality
–
–
–
–
–
–
Repression
Denial
Reaction Formation
Projection
Displacement
Compensation
–
–
–
–
–
Rationalization
Sublimization
Introjection
Regression
Identification
Role Playing
Defense Mechanisms
Additional Theories
What Do You Think Causes John’s
Behavior?
• John is 17 and has been drinking heavily since
he was 12. He drinks almost every day, but
when he is particularly anxious, he drinks until
he passes out. His father and his grandfather
were diagnosed alcoholics; the father drank
himself to death when John was 14. His mother
and older brother do not drink at all, and they
have always told John that he is the family’s
black sheep, the rebellious child who is destined
to be like his father.
http://college.cengage.com/psychology/sue/abnormal/8e/instructors/sue_irm.pdf
Diagramming Chart Activity
Biological
Motivation
Source of
Abnormal
Behavior
Treatment
Example
Leader
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Design a Personality Theory Based
Therapy
http://newvaluestreams.com/wordpress/?p=406
News vs. Neuroscience
Discussion
• What defines a personality disorder?
Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders
• Cluster A (Odd or Eccentric Disorders)
– Paranoid Personality Disorders
– Schizoid Personality Disorders
• Cluster B (Dramatic or Emotional Disorders)
– Antisocial Personality Disorders
– Borderline Personality Disorders
– Histrionic Personality Disorders
• Cluster C (Anxious or Fearful Disorders)
– Obsessive Compulisive Personality Disorders
– Anxious (Avoidant) Personality Disorders
– Dependent Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorders
• Persistent feeling of danger; often think
someone is “out to get them”
• Suspicious of others
• Treatment
– Anti-anxiety or
anti-depressant medication
– Psychotherapy
Schizoid Personality Disorders
• Extreme detachment from social
interactions
• Isolated and emotionally cold
• Treatment:
– Atypical anti-psychotics
– Cognitive behavioral
therapy
http://www.pchtreatment.com/schizoid-personality-disorder-clinic.php
Antisocial Personality Disorders
• "...a pervasive pattern of
disregard for, and violation
of, the rights of others that
begins in childhood or early
adolescence and continues
into adulthood."
-DSM-IV
• Characteristic of many
psychopaths
• Treatment
– None
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2637
Borderline Personality Disorders
• Prolonged period of unstable moods,
characterized by black and white thinking and
switching
– Abrupt transition between idealizing and
despising/ridiculing another person
• Often contains an element of self-harm or
suicidal ideation
• Treatment:
– Psychotherapy
– Mood stabilizers (Lithium) & anti-psychotics
Histrionic Personality Disorders
• Excessive emotion and attention-seeking
• Very dramatic & flirtatious to an excessive
degree
• Lack of empathy for others and demand for
attention often impair relationships
• Treatment
– Psychotherapy
– Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
– Group Therapy
Obsessive Compulisive PD
• Extreme concern for cleanliness and
perfectionism even when it impairs normal
functioning
• Unlike a person with OCD, a person with OCPD
sees nothing wrong with their obsessive thinking
and compulsive routines.
• Treatment:
– Psychotherapy
– Sometimes, anti-depressants are useful
Anxious (Avoidant) PD
• Extreme, pervasive pattern of social anxiety and
inhibition
• Extremely sensitive to criticism and highly
avoidant of social interactions
• Often a result of low self-esteem or self-loathing
• Treatment:
– Cognitive behavioral therapy
– Group therapy
Dependent Personality Disorders
• Excessive dependence on the assistance of
others to fulfill emotional and physical needs
• Feel unable to care for themselves and view
others as far more capable and powerful than
they
• Treatments
– Psychotherapy and group therapies
– Rarely respond to medication
Analyze a Famous Person
Student Presentations