Transcript Anxiety and Depression

Anxiety and Depression
PREVALENCE
ANXIETY
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16+ Million Adults in the U.S. have anxiety
disorders.
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Generalized anxiety disorder affects 3-8% of
the US population
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The condition that most often coexists with
another psychiatric condition; up to 90% of
depressed patients experience symptoms of
anxiety.
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Nearly ½ of all cases begin in childhood or
adolescence.
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Women are nearly 2x as likely to be affected
as men.
DEPRESSION
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It is believed that 2-7% of the U.S.
population may suffer from a depressive
disorder within a 1 yr. period, though 10%
or more of the U.S. population experiences
symptoms of depression
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While experts believe 80% of those
experiencing depressive disorders can be
helped, more do not receive help than do.
DEFINITION
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
 A Longer-than-usual period of
 A mood disorder characterized by
excessive worry and anxiety (more
than 6 months) which a person finds
difficult to control.
 A diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety
Disorder requires the presence of at
least 3 of the following symptoms (with
at least some symptoms present for
more days than not for the past 6
months.)
several symptoms which differ in length
and depth from normal sadness or
grief.
 Two main sources of depression:
psychological and biological. The result
is the same no matter what the origin
is: an imbalance of brain chemicals that
regulate our well-being.
SYMPTOMS
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
Muscle tension
Restlessness or feeling on edge
Being easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating or mind
going blank
 Irritability
 Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling
asleep or staying asleep, or restless,
unsatisfying sleep)
 Muscle tension may cause patients
to report “feeling shaky” and may
experience trembling, twitching,
and muscle aches or soreness.
 Depression, often unrecognized in
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men, has a wide range of symptoms.
At least one of the first two must be
present for a diagnosis.
Feeling depressed, irritable or angry
almost every day
Losing interest in pleasurable activities
or hobbies
Talking of death or suicide
Talking very negatively or being
excessively critical
Acting recklessly or without concern
for others
SYMPTOMS
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
 Somatic anxiety symptoms are
 Behaving violently and picking fights
common and may include the
following:
 Abusing alcohol or drugs
 Dry mouth
 Losing interest in work or school
 Clammy hands
 Talking suddenly about separation or
 Sweating
 Nausea or diarrhea
 Urinary frequency
 Difficulty swallowing
 Exaggerated startled responses
 Withdrawing from family and friends
divorce
 Losing the ability to concentrate
 Eating too much or too little
 Sleeping too much or too little
TREATMENT
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
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The most effective treatment for depression is
believed to be a combination of medication and
psychotherapy.
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The most commonly prescribed antidepressants are
called SSRI’s, which work to increase serotonin levels
in the brain.
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Stress is the main factor involved in depressions that
are primarily psychologically driven.
Stress is our body’s way of responding to demands
placed on us.
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The most common type of stress that leads to
depression is some type of trauma or loss.
Anxiety is stressful; stress may cause us to feel
anxious.
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Biological bases of depression include hormonal
causes, certain physical illness, and the genetic
predisposition of an individual to experience
depression.
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The most effective treatment combines medication
and psychotherapy.
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Treatment utilizing medication therapy is initially a 612 month course of therapy, but some research
suggests a longer course of use, even lifelong.
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Since Anxiety is our body’s way of warning us of
impending danger, Anxiety and Stress are often used
as interchangeable terms.
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MEDICATION
ANXIETY
 Some of the more common drugs
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DEPRESSION
approved to treat Anxiety Disorders
include: BUSPAR, EFFEXOR, PAXIL
(for Panic Disorder and Social Phobia).
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The most effective SSRI’s are EFFEXOR,
LUVOX, PAXIL, PROZAC, AND ZOLOFT.
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The generic names of these and other effective
medications are called: fluvoxamine, sertraline,
bupropion, fluoxetine, and paroxetine.
Prozac, Luvox, and Anaframil (for
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), and
Zoloft (for all the above and PostTraumatic Stress Disorder).
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The older generation of antidepressant
medications – tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
and MAOIs are effective but have more side
effects and dietary restrictions.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
ANXIETY
DEPRESSION
 Cognitive therapy directly
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Three types of short-term psychotherapies
have proven to be effective in the treatment
of depression.
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Cognitive therapy focuses on changing the
cognitive distortions that may contribute to
depression.
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Interpersonal therapy addresses current
interpersonal problems to foster changes in
relationships that may have caused
depression.
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Behavior therapy concentrates on changing
maladaptive behavior patterns that may
perpetuate depression.
addresses patients’ hypothesized
cognitive distortions.
 Behavioral therapy addresses
somatic symptoms directly through
techniques that gradually expose
patients to a frightening stimulus.
 Cognitive-behavioral therapy
teaches patients to understand their
thinking patterns so they can react
differently to anxiety-provoking
situations.