Transcript Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders
About Anxiety Disorders and their Treatment
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I chose this topic because as a foreign
resident in the UAE, I get anxious from
time to time.
Why I Chose this Topic
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There are basically five major types of
anxiety disorders.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Panic Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Social Anxiety Disorder
Types of Anxiety Disorders
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a state of
ongoing anxiety, excessive worry and
tension, especially when there is little or
nothing to worry about.
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People with generalized anxiety disorder have
difficulty letting go of their worries. Their
anxious thoughts go hand in hand with
physiological symptoms, especially tiredness,
headaches, muscle tension, spasms or aches,
problems with swallowing, shaking, twitching,
easy to get angry, hot and cold sweats, and
hot flashes.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by
reoccurring, undesirable thoughts (obsessional thinking)
and/or repetitious behaviors (compulsions). Repetitive
behaviors like excessive hand-washing, counting, checking,
or cleaning are typically performed with the hope of
warding off obsessive thoughts or making them disappear.
Performing these so-called "rituals," however, provides only
temporary relief, and not performing them markedly
increases anxiety.
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People with OCD may be plagued by persistent, unwelcome
thoughts or images, or by the urgent need to engage in
certain rituals. They may be obsessed with germs or dirt,
and wash their hands over and over. They may be filled
with doubt and feel the need to check things repeatedly.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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In panic disorder, there are unexpected and repeated
episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical
symptoms that may include chest pain, heart
palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or
abdominal distress.
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People with panic disorder have feelings of terror that
strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning.
During a panic attack, most likely your heart will
pound and you may feel sweaty, weak, faint, or dizzy.
Your hands may tingle or feel numb, and you might
feel flushed or chilled. You may have nausea, chest
pain or smothering sensations, a sense of unreality,
or fear of impending doom or loss of control.
Panic Disorder
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PTSD is an anxiety disorder that some people
get after seeing or living through a really bad
experience.
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The most common symptoms are flashbacks
(reliving the trauma over and over, including
physical symptoms like a racing heart or
sweating), bad dreams, and frightening
thoughts. People with PTSD will try to avoid
places that have bad associations.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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In social anxiety disorder, there is overwhelming anxiety and
excessive self-consciousness involved with everyday social
situations. Social phobia can be limited to only one type of
situation — such as a fear of speaking in formal or informal
situations, or eating or drinking in front of others — or, in its most
severe form, may be so broad that a person experiences
symptoms almost anytime they are around other people.
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People with social phobia have a persistent, intense, and chronic
fear of being watched and judged by others and being
embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions. Their fear may
be so severe that it interferes with work or school, and other
ordinary activities. Physical symptoms often accompany the
intense anxiety of social phobia and include blushing, profuse
sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking.
Social Anxiety Disorder
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Medication
◦ Anti-depressants
 Tricyclics
 SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
 MAO Inhibors
◦ Anti-anxiety
 Benzodiazapines (Klonapin and Xanax)
◦ Beta-Blockers
Treatment
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Psychotherapy
◦ Cognitive-behavioral therapy.
 Rational emotive therapy
 Systematic Desensitization
Treatment Continued
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Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of anxiety
disorders: A practice manual and conceptual
guide. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
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Clark, L. A.; Watson, D.; Mineka, S. (1994).
Temperament, personality, and the mood and
anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, Vol 103(1), pp. 103-116. doi:
10.1037/0021-843X.103.1.103
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Bourne, E.J. (2005). The Anxiety & Phobia
Workbook, Fourth Edition. New York, NY: New
Harbinger Publications, Inc.
References
Question and Answer Period
Q. Did presentation explore a specific
research topic or question?
 A. No. This presentation was based
around a very broad heading, not a
specific topic.
 Q. Did presentation address why student
selected topic.
 A. Technically yes, but not in a very
convincing way. Clearly, the student
wasn’t very interested in this topic.
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Presentation Analysis
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Q. Did presentation include two embedded research
citations?
A. No. Three gratuitous references are attached at the
end but the student never addresses or refers to them
during the presentation. These references are worthless.
Q. Did the presentation convey much thought or effort?
A. No, not at all. The presentation was a very clever “copy
and paste” job in which many of the words were carefully
changed to avoid detection of plagiarism. In fact, it took
me about 20 minutes to put this entire presentation
together. Virtually no thought went into it at all.
Presentation Analysis
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Final Grade: Minimal Pass, 50 (out of 100).
◦ Student failed to develop a specific research
question or topic. He simply defined diagnoses
without going into any depth or analysis. There was
no evidence of original or creative thinking.
◦ Research references were nonsensical. Student
never used his references inside the body of the
presentation (this alone qualifies the presentation
for an automatic grade of 50).
◦ Student just did something to get it over with.
There was no personal or professional investment in
the presentation and it showed.
Final Assessment and Grade