Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
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Transcript Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders
Definition?
Common Features
Lots of Physical Complaints
Appear to be Medical Conditions
But No Identifiable Medical Cause
Pathological Concern about
Functioning of body or
Physical appearance
Cultural Factors
Five Somatoform Disorders
Hypochondriasis
Somatization Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Pain Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Physical Complaints/No Known Medical
Cause
Preoccupied with Bodily Symptoms
Misinterpretation of Symptoms
Vicious Cycle
Severe Anxiety About Possibly Having a
Serious Disease
Strong Disease Conviction
Differentiated from Illness Phobia
Many Medical Visits and Tests
Reassurance Doesn’t Help
Psychological Treatment
Challenge illness-related misinterpretations
Provide more substantial and sensitive reassurance
Stress management and coping strategies
Medical Treatment?
Many Physical Complaints/No Known
Medical Cause
Concern about Symptoms but Not What They
Mean
Life/Identity Revolves Around Symptoms
Treatment
Difficult
to Treat
No Proven Treatments
Treatment Focuses on
Reduction
Assign
of Medical Visits
a “Gatekeeper” Physician
Reducing
Secondary Gain
Physical
Symptoms/No known medical
cause
Popularized by Freud as…
Connection
Physical
Often
to trauma [Dissociative process?]
Malfunctioning
involves sensory-motor areas
Paralysis,
Blindness, Mutism,
Anesthesia
La
Belle Indifference
Treatment
No
Well Established Treatments
Address the Trauma
Remove Sources of Secondary Gain
Reduce supportive consequences of talk
about physical symptoms
Complaints of pain/no known medical cause
Pain is Real
Pain May Initially Have Organic Cause
Psychological Factors Maintain Pain
Can Be Debilitating
Malingering
Factitious Disorders
Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy
Previously
known as
dysmorphophobia
Preoccupation with Defect in
Appearance
“Imagined”
Fixation
Ugliness
or Avoidance of Mirrors
Ideas of Reference
Suicidal Ideation and Tendencies
Treatment
Plastic
surgery?
Medications (i.e., SSRIs) that work for
OCD provide some relief
Exposure and Response Prevention
DSM-5 Changes
Conversion Disorder – Same/Similar
Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Moved to OCD
Section
Hypochondriasis – Renamed Illness Anxiety
DO, sort of
Somatic Symptom Disorder (new!)
Combined:
Hypochondriasis, maybe
Somatization Disorder
Pain Disorder
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by
somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or
result in significant disruption of functioning, as well
as excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings
and behaviors regarding those symptoms. To be
diagnosed with SSD, the individual must be
persistently symptomatic (typically at least for 6
months).
Several important changes have been made from previous
editions of DSM. The DSM-IV disorders of somatization disorder,
hypochondriasis, pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform
disorder have been removed, and many, but not all, of the
individuals diagnosed with one of these disorders could now be
diagnosed with SSD. The DSM-IV diagnosis of somatization
disorder required a specific number of complaints from among
four symptom groups. The SSD criteria no longer have such a
requirement; however, somatic symptoms must be significantly
distressing or disruptive to daily life and must be accompanied by
excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
Another key change in the DSM-5 criteria is that while medically
unexplained symptoms were a key feature for many of the
disorders in DSM-IV, an SSD diagnosis does not require that the
somatic symptoms are medically unexplained. In other words,
symptoms may or may not be associated with another medical
condition. DSM-5 narrative text description that accompanies the
criteria for SSD cautions that it is not appropriate to diagnose
individuals with a mental disorder solely because a medical cause
cannot be demonstrated. Furthermore, whether or not the somatic
symptoms are medically explained, the individual would still
have to meet the rest of the criteria in order to receive a diagnosis
of SSD.