Transcript hormones - Uplift Education

DO NOW 2/13/15
1. Based on the handout, describe
the functions of the endocrine
system.
2. Professional athletes using a
banned substance, Human
Growth Hormone (HGH), have
received a lot of attention in
recent years. Write what you
already know about HGH
(effects on the body, athletes
who have gotten caught, etc.)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Made up of glands that produce and secrete
hormones (chemical messengers)
1.Regulation of growth, metabolism, sexual
development
2.Responses to stress and injury
3.Internal balance of
body systems (homeostasis)
BIG IDEA
HORMONES are chemical
MESSENGERS that act on target cells
(or organs)
• Endocrine – secretions inside the body
• Exocrine – secretions outside the body (sweat)
MAJOR STRUCTURES
HORMONE ACTION
•Steroids
- water
soluble
•Non steroid
hormones
•Prostaglandins act locally, on
nearby organs
HORMONE
CONTROL
The pituitary is often
called the “master
gland”
Its actions are controlled
by the hypothalamus in
the brain.
PITUITARY GLAND
22 = Thalamus
24 = Hypothalamus
CONTROL OF HORMONES
Negative
feedback
system
When the
hormone
levels rise,
the organ that
secretes the
hormone is
switched off
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Gland
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenals
Pancreas
Location Controls Hormones
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Gland
Location
Controls
Pituitary
At the base Signals other
of the
glands (“master
cerebrum
gland”), growth,
reproductive
functions, water
balance
Prolactin, Oxytocin,
Human Growth Hormone (HGH),
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH),
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH),
Luteinizing hormone (LH),
Follicle-Stimulating Homone (FSH),
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Thyroid
Throat
Metabolism
Thyroxin
Parathyroid
Behind the
thyroid
Calcium and
phosphate
levels
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Adrenals
On kidneys Salt, water,
swollen joints,
“fight or flight”
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
Aldosterone, Cortisol
Pancreas
Behind the
stomach
Insulin
Glucose in
blood and cells
Hormones
PITUITARY HORMONES
• Prolactin - stimulates milk production from a woman's
breasts after childbirth and can affect sex hormone
levels from the ovaries in women and the testes in
men.
•Oxytocin - Oxytocin causes milk letdown in
nursing mothers and contractions during
childbirth.
PITUITARY HORMONES
•Human Growth Hormone (HGH) - stimulates
•
growth in childhood and is important for
maintaining a healthy body composition. In
adults, it is also important for maintaining
muscle mass and bone mass. It can affect fat
distribution in the body.
Currently banned by
the NCAA, IOC, and
professional sport leagues
Problems with the pituitary gland can
result in Dwarfism
Or a person can grow too much.
These are pictures of the man known
as “The Alton Giant”, Robert Wadlow.
PITUITARY HORMONES
• Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) - stimulates
•
production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Cortisol, a so-called "stress hormone," is vital to
survival. It helps maintain blood pressure and
blood glucose levels.
Many diet aids claim that they
block cortisol levels. Cortisol
from stress may lead to fat
deposits in the belly.
PITUITARY HORMONES
•Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid
hormones, which, in turn, control (regulate) the
body's metabolism, energy,
growth and development,
and nervous system activity
PITUITARY HORMONES
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) - regulates
•
testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes sperm production in men and
stimulates the ovaries to release eggs
(ovulate) in women.
PITUITARY HORMONES (LH & FSH)
• LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of
the ovaries or testes.
PITUITARY HORMONES
•Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - regulates water
•
balance
If this hormone is not secreted properly, this can
lead to problems of sodium (salt) and water
balance, and could also affect the kidneys so
that they do not work as well.
DIURETICS
•Diuretics – increase urine production
•Many common foods and drinks contain
chemicals that are diuretics (alcohol)
Midol relieves symptoms of bloating
because it contains a diuretic that
will make you urinate more