Transcript Pineal gland

Ms. C’s Rapid Fire Review!!
Instructions:
1. As you listen to the review, jot down anything that confuses you or helps you
remember a term or concept.
2.
Make a mark by terms you know you need to study or memorize better!
III. Endocrine System
• What? Network of glands
located in brain and body
• Function? Sends hormone
chemical messages through
blood stream to body’s organs to
control:
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metabolism
growth
sexual development
flight or fight response
• In females: ovulation,
menstruation, and lactation
• In males: sperm production,
deepening of voice, growth of
sex organs
III. Endocrine System (cont)
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Thyroid gland produces hormone that
regulates metabolism (how quickly/slowly
one digests food)
– Not enough hormone (hypothyroidism)=
sluggish, no appetite
– Too much hormone
(hyperthyroidism)=eat a lot, hyperactive
Adrenal glands release cortisol & epinephrine
(adrenalin) when person frightened or angry
Hypothalamus (part of limbic system)
coordinates communication between
endocrine and nervous systems
Pineal gland “3rd eye” releases melatonin
which regulates sleep cycle (circadian
rhythms)
Pituitary gland—”master gland” Maker of
growth hormone, second in command to
hypothalamus directs other glands to
produce/release hormones
Parathryroid—produce calcium for bone
growth
pancreas secretes insulin for maintaining proper blood sugar levels
a) yo gaba gaba slows you
down!
b) glutamate excites!
c) serotonin calms
d) dopamine Dopey, happy,
makes you want to keep
doing whatever you’re doing
e) ACh achoo!! muscle
contractions
f) enrophins end your pain!
attach to opiate receptors
g) oxytocin the bonding and
trust chemical
1.
2.
3.
4.
brian waves
functional imaging
structural imaging
radioactive glucose
functional image
5. xray structures
not enuf ACh becuz neurons killed!
not enuf serotonin
left frontal lobe can’t talk fluidly
left temporal lobe word salad
temporal lobe damage
not enuf dopamine
too much dopamine
not enuf oxytocin
head injury
parietal lobe damage
secretes insulin to maintain blood-sugar levels
Label the following AND identify
their functions:
•axon
•axon terminals
•cell body (AKA soma)
•dendrites
•myelin sheath
•Node of Ranvier
•Schwann’s cells
Label the following:
•axon
•dendrite
•neurotransmitters
•presynaptic membrane
•postsynaptic membrane
•receptor
•terminal button
•synapse (AKA cleft/gap)
•synaptic vesicles
Describe the process that is
shown in the diagram:
Describe what is happening at &
between different points on the
graph to the left.
What is happening in the neuron at points 1, 2, 3, & 4 of the line graph?
1. neuron has been stimulated to the threshold by enough neurotransmitters opening
the ion channels on the dendritic receptors to let enough Na+ in –It will now fire
because of all-or-nothing principle
2. Neuron has had an action potential and fired because between points 1 & 2 it is
becoming depolarized as sodium enters and potassium leaves
3. Neruon is hyperpolarized and thus in a refractory period during which it cannot fire
4. Neuron is returning to polarized state and resting potential
What is happening between points 1 & 2? depolarization
Between points 2 & 3? repolarization (sodium getting kicked out, potassium coming back in)
From 3 to 4? neuron is returning to polarized state and resting potential
1. What is the function of the reuptake transporter? To deliver neurotransmitters back to
neuron that released them so they can be repackaged
2. What happens if the reuptake transporter is blocked by an agonist like cocaine?
The neurotransmitter remains in the synapse until it is broken down by glial cells or the
cocaine is broken down; it will keep locking on to the receptors of post-synaptic neurons
causing additional action potentials
3. How do you know if something is the presynaptic vs. postsynaptic membrane? (e.g. what
is the difference between the 2 or where do you find them?) Presynaptic is on the axon
terminal side; post-synaptic is the membrane of the dendrites of receiving neuron
Label the following:
•Forebrain
•Cerebral cortex
•Limbic system
•Hindbrain
•Midbrain
1. Label the following AND
identify their main function(s):
•frontal lobe
•prefrontal lobe
•parietal lobe
•occipital lobe
•cerebellum
•medulla
•pons
•temporal lobe
2. What is a sylvian fissure
and between which lobes is it
located? It is the sulcus
between the temporal and
frontal lobes
(AKA fissure of Rolando)
Label the following AND identify
their functions:
•motor cortex
•somatosensory cortex
•Broca’s area
•auditory cortex
•visual cortex
•Wernicke’s area
Identify all of the # areas depicted in this cross section of a brain
cerebrum/cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
ventricle
fornix
midbrain/RAS
thalamus
pituitary gland
pons
cerebellum
medulla
spinal cord
ventricles are fluid filled cavities in brain that cushion the brain during head trauma, help
remove waste, and transport hormones to different parts of brain
The fornix connects hypothalamus to hippocampus for communication between the 2
1. What are the functions of the
cigulate gyrus, pineal gland,
and fornix?
cingulate gyrus:
•coordinates sensory input with emotions
•involved in emotional response to pain
•regulates aggressive behavior
pineal gland: releases melatonin that helps regulate circadian rhythms
(sleep/awake cycle)
fornix: connects hypothalamus to hippocampus
Endocrine System
Label the diagram with
the names and functions
of each part!
Use the following terms:
•pineal gland
•hypothalamus
•pancreas
•thyroid
•parathyroid
•testes
•ovaries
•pituitary gland
Note: Thymus plays role in immune system