Transcript Endocrine System and Puberty

The Endocrine System
System of ductless glands that secrete
hormones or other substances which
produce/activate/excite other cells into
action.
The Endocrine System is the workhorse for
the Nervous System
Endocrine System
The pituitary gland works from the principle of bio-feedback.
Problems with this system stem from either too much
(HYPER) or too little (HYPO) production of a hormone.
Pituitary Gland
 The pituitary gland is the
master gland of the endocrine
system that controls activity of
all other glands.
 Regulates many physiological
body responses such as stress,
growth, energy levels and
reproduction
Thyroid Gland
Proper thyroid gland functions
include
• Body metabolism & Energy
• Blood calcium levels
• Oxygen absorption of tissues
• Thyroid also impacts other
glands
Parathyroid Glands
Sole function of these glands
is to monitor levels of
calcium in the blood steam
and bones
Adrenal Glands
Function
Helps the body deal with stress.
Hormones
Cortisol - (Sugar Level)
Adrenaline - (Fight or Flight
Response)
Disorders
Addison’s Disease – hypo-cortisol
Cushing’s Disease – hyper-cortisol
Pancreas
Dual Functions
Endocrine System Gland
Hormones
Insulin – reduces blood sugar
Glucagons – increases blood sugar
Exocrine (digestive)
Pancreatic/digestive juices are released
into the small intestines to further
breakdown carbs, fats and
proteins in chyme
Disease/Disorder
Diabetes
Gonads/Sex Glands
Female
The ovaries are the female sex
glands
Female Hormones - Estrogen and
Progesterone
Sex Cell - Ovum/Ova
Male
The testicles are the male sex
glands
Male Hormone – Testosterone
Male Sex Cell - Sperm
The Process of Puberty
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The pituitary gland secretes gonadotropic hormones LH
& FSH into the bloodstream.
LH initiates the sex glands to produce the sex hormonesestrogen (Female Ovaries) and testosterone (Male
Testicles). These hormones bring about the secondary
sex characteristics and are continual produced
throughout an adults life.
FSH initiates the production of sex cells in the sex
glands/gonads – ovum/ovaries & sperm/testicles.
Female Reproductive System
Internal Structure
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus/Endometrium
Cervix
Vagina/Birth Canal
External Structure/Vulva
Mons Pubis
Clitoris
Labia – majora/minora
Vaginal opening - Hymen
Internal Structures
Ovaries
 Female sex gland
 Produces estrogen
and progesterone
 Store egg follicles
Internal Structures
Fallopian Tubes
 Tubes that connect the
ovaries with the
uterus/womb
 Where fertilization takes
place.
 Where an ectopic
pregnancy can occurs
Internal Structures
Uterus/Womb
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Strong muscular organ.
Shape: upside down pear
Size of a fist
Implantation occurs here
Lining is called
- The Endometrium
Internal Structures
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Cervix
Narrow opening between the
uterus and the vagina
Mucous helps with infection
control
Child birth cannot occur until it
dilates to 10 cm.
Vagina/Birth Canal
Muscular tube about 6 inches in
length
After baby passes through
cervix baby passes through this
External Structures (Vulva)
• Clitoris – tissue in front of the
vaginal opening which
produces sexual arousal
• Labia – folds of tissue on either
side of vaginal opening
providing protection from
pathogens
• Mons Pubis – rounded fatty
tissue located directly on top of
the pubic bone
• Vaginal Opening/Hymen
Menstrual Cycle
Four Phases
of the
Menstrual Cycle
1.
2.
3.
4.
Menstruation – 5-7 days
Pre-Ovulation – lining
thickens
Ovulation – 14 days prior to
the next cycle
Post-Ovulation – unfertilized
egg exits and the lining starts
to die
Male Reproductive System
Functions of the System
1.
To produce a sex cell –
sperm
2.
To produce the male
hormone - testosterone
Pathway of Sperm
STEVSPCUP
Scrotum
Sac of skin used to hold the testicles.
It’s purpose is to keep the testicles
cooler for proper sperm production
Testicles
Produce Testosterone & Sperm
Seminiferous Tubes
This is where the sperm are produced
within the testicle
Epididymis
Place where mature sperm wait
Vas Deferens
Two tubes that leave
each
testicle/epididymis
And bring sperm to the
seminal vesicles
Seminal Vesicles
The seminal vesicles add
a fructose fluid to help
nourish the sperm
Prostate Gland
Seminal gland that provides a
basic solution to semen,
which helps to neutralize
the acidity of the vagina,
which in turn protects
sperm.
Acidity and Heat kill sperm
Cowper’s Glands
Seminal gland that secretes a
lubricant that cleanses the
urethra prior to
ejaculation.
Again, Acidity kills sperm
Urethra/Penis
Urethra is the tube by which
either urine or semen are
released from the male
body
Reproductive Health Concerns
Male
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Testicular Cancer
Prostate Cancer/Enlarged
Inguinal Hernia
Sterility
STI’s – Sexually Transmitted
Infections
Female
• Menstrual Cramps/PMS
• TSS – Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Cancers – Breast, Cervical,
Uterine, & Ovarian
• Amenorrhea/Dysmenorrhea
• Ovarian Cysts
• Sterility
• STI’s – Sexually Transmitted
Infections