Transcript The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System
Ground Rules
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Respect what other people say; no put-downs
Be sensitive to other people’s feelings
Not answering a question is all right
Respect other people’s differences, family values, and traditions
Keep discussions and questions away from a personal level – No
individual stories; no names
Keep confidential all comments made by students
Remember that questions are not ‘dumb’
Use scientific terms – no slang
Remember all rules of classroom behavior
Raise hand to ask question or respond
Submit questions of true concern to the teacher at the end of class
(Question box)
NO SIDE CONVERSATIONS
The Endocrine System
I. Endocrine Glands
A. “Ductless” Glands
B. Pass their secretions directly into the bloodstream
II. Hormones
A. “Chemical Messengers”
B. Regulate chemical reactions in the body, bodily functions
The Endocrine System
III. Thyroid Gland
A. Located at the base of the neck, just below the
Larynx
B. Hormone – Thyroxin
C. Controls metabolism
D. Too little thyroxin may lead to sluggishness,
weight gain
E. Too much thyroxin may lead to
hyperactivity, increased appetite, no weight gain
The Endocrine System
VI. Parathyroid Gland
A. Four small pea-shaped glands on the
backside of the Thyroid
B. Hormone – parahormone specific to the
balance of calcium
The Endocrine System
V. Adrenal Glands
A. Located on top of the kidneys
B. Hormone – Adrenaline
C. “glands of combat” - fight or flight response
D. Controls body’s reaction to stress – increase sugar
levels/energy
E. Also controls levels of salt and water in the body
The Endocrine System
VI. Islets of Langerhans
A. Located throughout the Pancreas
B. Hormone – Insulin
C. Regulates amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood
D. If gland does not operate correctly - Diabetes
The Endocrine System
VII. Thymus Gland
A. Located behind top of sternum (breast bone)
B. Hormones – Thymosin, Thymopoietin
C. Important in the normal development of the
immune response
D. Large in infants and children; begins to shrink by
adolescence and adulthood.
The Endocrine System
VIII. Ovaries – Female only – inactive until puberty
A. Two glands in pelvic region
B. Hormones - Estrogen, Progesterone
C. Primary function as an organ to store ovum
D. Estrogen controls female characteristics –
development of breasts, widening of pelvic
bones, menstruation
E. Progesterone secreted during pregnancy
The Endocrine System
IX. Testicles/Testes – Male only – inactive until Puberty
A. Two glands in scrotum
B. Hormone – Testosterone
C. Primary function as an organ to produce sperm
D. Testosterone controls male characteristics – growth of
body hair, widening of shoulders, muscle development,
enlargement of larynx (Adam’s Apple) and deepening
of voice
The Endocrine System
X. Pineal Gland
A. Located in the brain
B. Hormone - Melatonin
C. Regulates sleep, hibernation (animals), aging
“sociological” or “biological clock
The Endocrine System
XI. Hypothalamus
A. Located in the brain
B. Controls many bodily functions including
the release of hormones from the
pituitary gland
C. Regulates body temperature, thirst, and hunger
D. Site of emotions and the effect emotions
can have on the body
The Endocrine System
XII. Pituitary Gland
A. Located at the base of the brain
B. Hormone – Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
C. Regulates body’s growth and development
D. Also produces several other hormones
E. Referred to as the “Master Gland” –
controls the functioning of many other
glands/organs – thyroid, adrenal, kidney