Transcript endocrine & nervous systems

Define regulation.
Textbook pgs. Pgs621 -627
p. 621 vocab and Q’s 1-4
 COORDINATION
&
CONTROL OF LIFE
ACTIVITIES.
 ACHIEVED BY BOTH:
ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS
SYSTEMS WORKING
TOGETHER
 CONSIST
OF GLANDS
 GLANDS WORK TOGETHER TO
MAINTAIN STABLE INTERNAL
BALANCE. How??
 PERMIT ANIMALS TO RESPOND
TO INTERNAL and EXTERNAL
CHANGES.
are glands that
secrete their
product directly into
the bloodstream
rather than through
a duct
Are chemical messengers that
carries a signal from one cell
(or group of cells) to another
via the blood
Hormones regulate the
function of their target
cells
A hormone receptor
is a receptor
protein on the
surface of a cell or
in its interior that
binds to a specific
hormone
Textbook pgs. 621-625
vocab and Q’s 1-4
A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that
allows them to work effectively with other
organic molecules is their
 specific shape
 small size
 concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms
 high-energy bonds
Which substances are found on cell
surfaces and respond to nerve and
hormone signals?
 starches and simple sugars
 subunits of DNA
 vitamins and minerals
 receptor molecules
1. OVERALL METABOLISM
2. MAINTENANCE OF
HOMEOSTASIS
3. GROWTH
4. REPRODUCTION
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is located just above the
brain stem
Controls the pituitary
gland
The hypothalamus controls body
temperature, hunger, thirst,
fatigue and anger
 CALLED
THE “MASTER
GLAND”
 MAKES HORMONES THAT
INFLUENCE OTHER GLANDS
 LOCATED AT BASE OF THE
BRAIN
about the size of a pea
The pituitary
gland secretes
hormones
regulating
homeostasis
1. Growth hormone
2. Prolactin - to stimulate milk
production after giving birth
3. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormone) - to stimulate the
adrenal glands
4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating
hormone) - to stimulate the
thyroid gland
5. FSH (follicle-stimulating
hormone) - to stimulate the
ovaries and testes
6. LH (luteinizing hormone) - to
stimulate the ovaries or testes
7. Oxytocin –stimulates the
contractions of the uterus during
birth
Located between
the larynx & the
trachea
The thyroid is
one of the
largest endocrine
glands in the
body
The thyroid controls how quickly the
body burns energy (called
metabolism makes proteins, and
_________),
how sensitive the body should be to
other hormones
1. Thyroxin
2. Calcitonin
REGULATES THE
RATE OF
METABOLISM IN
THE BODY
REGULATES
THE BLOOD
CALCIUM
LEVEL
PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN
THE THYROID GLAND
produces
parathormone
REGULATES CALCIUM
& PHOSPHATE
METABOLISM
SIT ON TOP OF THE KIDNEYS
Hormones Produced:
Cortisol and Adrenaline
They are chiefly
responsible for
regulating the stress
response
DAY 2
Complete matching column worksheet
HW: Handout
Epinephrine is a "fight or flight"
hormone, and plays a central role in
the short-term stress reaction. It
is released from the adrenal glands
when danger threatens or in an
emergency.
It increases blood pressure and
blood sugar levels
Nor-epinephrine
Stimulates reverse reaction of
epinephrine
Exocrine -> secretes digestive
enzymes into the small intestine
Endocrine -> secretes hormones into
the bloodstream
The pancreas is a gland/ organ in
the digestive and endocrine system
Contains cells
called
Islets of
Langerhans
CONTROLS CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
THIS
SECRETION IS CONTROLLED
BY THE CONCENTRATION OF
GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD
DECREASES BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
INCREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
PROMOTES THE CONVERSION OF
STORED SUGAR (GLYCOGEN) TO
GLUCOSE IN THE LIVER
•An ovary is an egg-producing organ
found in female organisms.
•It is found in pairs as part of the
female reproductive system.
•Ovaries in females are homologous to
testes in males.
Stimulates:
production of follicles (future egg
cells)

onset of secondary sex
characteristics (broaden hips &
breasts)

Works with Estrogen to REGULATE the
female menstrual Cycle

•Located outside the body cavity in
the scrotum
•Functions Production of sperm cells
Production of male hormone >>>>>
Stimulates the male reproductive system
onset of secondary sex characteristics
Ex. Deeper Voice & Facial Hair
Handout
Endocrine system handout
(feed back mechanism)
Dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis
results from the ability of organisms
to detect and respond to stimuli.
A feedback mechanism is a process
where the level of one substance or
activity of an organ/structure
influences another substance or
structure in some manner.
Temperature
Homeostasis
Humans maintain a relatively constant
body temperature of about 37° C.
•when we "heat up" we sweat if
possible
•the evaporation of this perspiration
returns the body to its original
temperature
•When we are too cold we shiver
Homeostasis by Plants
Maintenance of Water
Do Now: review book
HW:
Castle learning (Endocrine system)
When there is not enough of a
particular hormone being secreted
creating a deficiency
Undersecretion
A release of an excessive amount of
a particular hormone
Oversecretion
(ak–ro–MEG–ah–lee): Disorder in
which the pituitary overproduces
growth hormone, resulting in abnormal
enlargement of the extremities—
nose, jaw, fingers, and toes; in
children, the disorder produces
gigantism.
Women’s hands with
An Endocrine disorder
Called agromegaly.
Normal
Women’s
Hand
Disorder in children in
which the pituitary
overproduces growth
hormone, resulting in
abnormal enlargement of
the extremities (nose, jaw,
fingers, and toes) and the
long bones, causing unusual
height.
Robert Wadlow 8’ 11”
Leonid
Stadnyk
8’ 5”
Bao Xishun 7’ 9”
He Pingping 2’ 4”
condition of growth retardation resulting in
abnormally short adult stature and caused by
a variety of hereditary and metabolic
disorders.
“dwarf” was used to describe
individuals with disproportions
of body and limb, while
“midget” referred to those of
reduced stature but normal
proportions; today neither
word is used, the term “little
people” is widely accepted
Hyperthyroidism:
Disorder in which an overactive
thyroid produces too much
thyroxine, which causes….
a swelling in the neck due to an
enlarged thyroid gland.
(just below Adam's apple or larynx)
(die–ah–BEE–teez MUL–le–tus):
Disorder in which the body's cells
cannot absorb glucose, either because
the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin or the cells do not respond to
the effects of insulin that is produced.
Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes
TYPE 1 – “Juvenile”
an autoimmune disease in which
pancreatic cells are destroyed
TYPE 2 – “Adult Onset”
Insulin resistance in target cells
GESTATIONAL – “pregnancy”
Insulin resistance due to
hormonal changes