Transcript The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland
Jessica Soley
Ask Dr. Oz!
What Does It Look Like?
Where Is It Located?
• The thyroid gland is located at the base of
the neck.
• It is found immediately in front of the
trachea or windpipe.
What Hormones Does It Secrete?
The thyroid gland secretes :
• Thyroxine (also known as T4)
• Triiodothyronine (also known as T3)
• Calcitonin
What Are The Target Cells?
• Thyroxine targets most body cells
• Triiodothyronine also targets most body
cells
• Calcitonin targets bone cells.
What Are The Effects on Target
Cells?
• Thyroxine will stimulate increased sugar
utilization in the targeted body cells.
• Triiodothyronine will produce the same effects
as thyroxine, regulating metabolism.
• Calcitonin acts on the targeted bone cells to
lower the level of calcium found in the blood.
What Is The Thyroid Gland
Regulated By?
The thyroid gland is regulated and
controlled by:
– The pituitary gland located in the brain
– The hypothalamus, also located in the brain
What Are The Diseases and
Disorders Associated With The
Thyroid Gland?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Goiter
Myxedema
What Is Hypothyroidism?
• Caused by an insufficient production of
thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.
• Can lead to low metabolism, high
cholesterol, weight gain, loss of energy
and infertility.
• In extreme cases, may lead to myxedema.
What Is Hyperthyroidism?
• Caused by an overproduction of thyroid
hormone by the thyroid gland. Can be due
to an underlying cause, such as Grave’s
Disease.
• Can lead to high metabolism, rapid heart
rate, high blood pressure, weight loss,
chest pain, etc.
What Is Hypocalcemia?
• Caused by an abnormally low level of
calcium in the blood.
• Can lead to muscle cramps and spasms,
tingling sensation around the mouth and
eventually convulsions. Also causes
intense anxiety.
What Is Hypercalcemia?
• Caused by an abnormally high level of
calcium in the blood
• Can lead to fatigue, weakness, low spirits
and sometimes kidney stones.
Now Take The Dr. Oz Health Quiz!
Answer the following questions about the
thyroid gland and see if you learned
anything from Dr. Oz today!
We’ll go over the answers at the end.
1. Where is the thyroid gland
located?
a)
b)
c)
d)
In the throat
In the chest
At the base of the neck
At the base of the neck, behind the
trachea.
2. What hormone does the thyroid
produce known as T3?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thyroxine
Triiodothyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin
3. What type of cells does the
hormone calcitonin target?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Body cells
Blood cells
Skin cells
Bone cells
4. What effect does thyroxine have
on body cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Increased sugar utilization
Increased metabolic rate
Increased permeability
Decreased action potential
5. What two parts of the body
regulate the thyroid gland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hypothalamus and thalamus
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Pituitary gland and parathyroid glands
Pituitary gland and cerebellum
6. Name 3 symptoms associated
with hypothyroidism.
BONUS : What is an underlying
cause for hyperthyroidism?
Now we’ll go over the answers!
Correct Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
c)
c)
d)
a)
b)
Low metabolism, weight gain, high
cholesterol, loss of energy, infertility.
B. Raise your hand if you know the answer
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