Transcript pituitary gland - Sewanhaka Central High School District

Define regulation.
Textbook pgs. Pgs621 -627
p. 621 vocab and Q’s 1-4
 COORDINATION
&
CONTROL OF LIFE
ACTIVITIES.
 ACHIEVED BY BOTH:
ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS
SYSTEMS WORKING
TOGETHER

CONSIST OF GLANDS

Glands work together to
maintain a stable
internal balance

Permits animals to
repsond to both
internal and external
change.
Structures that secrete their
hormones directly into the
bloodstream rather than through
a duct (tube)
 Are chemical messengers that
carries a signal from one cell (or
group of cells) to another via the
blood
 Hormones regulate the function of
their target cells.
A hormone receptor is a
receptor protein on the surface
of a cell or in its interior that
binds to a specific hormone
Textbook pgs. 621-625
vocab and Q’s 1-4
A characteristic of hormones and enzymes that
allows them to work effectively with other
organic molecules is their
1. specific shape
2. small size
3. concentration of carbon and hydrogen atoms
4. high-energy bonds
Which substances are found on cell
surfaces and respond to nerve and
hormone signals?
1. starches and simple sugars
2. subunits of DNA
3. vitamins and minerals
4. receptor molecules
1. OVERALL METABOLISM
2. MAINTENANCE OF
HOMEOSTASIS
3. GROWTH
4. REPRODUCTION
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 is located just above the
brain stem
 Controls the pituitary
gland
 Connection between the
nervous and endocrine
system
The hypothalamus controls body
temperature, hunger, thirst,
fatigue and anger
CALLED THE “MASTER GLAND”
 Makes hormones that INFLUENCE
other glands
 The pituitary gland secretes hormones
regulating
homeostasis

1. Growth hormone
1. Prolactin - to stimulate milk
production after giving birth
1. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormone) - to stimulate the
adrenal glands
4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating
hormone) - to stimulate the
thyroid gland
5. FSH (follicle-stimulating
hormone) - to stimulate the
ovaries and testes
6. LH (luteinizing hormone) - to
stimulate the ovaries or testes
7. Oxytocin –stimulates the
contractions of the uterus during
birth

Located
between the
larynx & the
trachea

Controls your
metabolism
The thyroid controls how quickly the
body burns energy (_________),
metabolism
makes proteins, and controls the
bodies sensitivity to other hormones
1. Thyroxin: regulate metabolism
2. Calcitonin: regulates calcium levels
PATCHES OF TISSUE EMBEDDED IN
THE THYROID GLAND
 produces
parathormone
 Regulates CALCIUM
& PHOSPHATE metabolism
DAY 2
Complete matching column worksheet
HW: Handout
SIT ON TOP OF THE KIDNEYS
Hormones Produced:
Cortisol and Adrenaline
They are chiefly
responsible for
regulating the stress
response
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnESQpvxXd8
 A.K.A.
Epinephrine is a
"fight or flight"
hormone
 plays a central
role in the shortterm stress
reaction.
*
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-qQbIiOtYM
Noradrenaline
A.K.A. Norepinephrine
 Works with adrenaline
(epinephrine) to increases blood
pressure, heart rate, blood
sugar levels and respiration in a
high stress situation
 Fact: both can act as a hormone
and/or neurotransmitter…
 Exocrine ->
secretes digestive
enzymes into the
small intestine
 Endocrine -> secretes hormones
into the bloodstream
The pancreas contains cells called
Islets of Langerhans
CONTROLS CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
This
secretion is controlled by the
concentration of GLUCOSE in the
blood
DECREASES blood sugar levels
 Increase blood sugar levels
 Promotes the conversion of stored
SUGAR (GLYCOGEN) TO GLUCOSE in
the liver.
•An ovary is an egg-producing organ
found in female organisms.
•found in pairs as part of the female
reproductive system.
•Ovaries in females are homologous to
testes in males.
Stimulates:
production of follicles (future egg
cells)

onset of secondary sex
characteristics (broaden hips &
breasts)

Works with Estrogen to REGULATE the
female menstrual Cycle

 Located outside the body cavity in
the scrotum
 Functions –
Production of sperm cells
Production of male hormone >>>>>
 Stimulates the male reproductive system
onset of secondary sex characteristics
Ex. Deeper Voice & Facial Hair
Handout
Endocrine system handout
(feed back mechanism)
Dynamic equilibrium or homeostasis
results from the ability of organisms
to detect and respond to stimuli.
Feedback mechanism

A process where the level of one
substance or activity of an
organ/structure influences another
substance or structure in some
manner to maintain homeostasis.
Temperature
Homeostasis
Humans maintain a relatively constant
body temperature of about 37° C.
•when we "heat up" we sweat if
possible
•the evaporation of this perspiration
returns the body to its original
temperature
•When we are too cold we shiver
Homeostasis by Plants
Maintenance of Water
Guard cells open and close the stomata
Positive vs. Negative
Feedback
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
Amplification
(increase)
Stabilization
Birth of a baby
(contractions)
Body temperature
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLv3SkF_Eag
Do Now: review book
HW:
Castle learning (Endocrine system)
When there is not enough of a
particular hormone being secreted
creating a deficiency
Undersecretion
A release of an excessive amount of
a particular hormone
Oversecretion
(ak–ro–MEG–ah–lee):
Disorder in adults which the pituitary
overproduces growth hormone,
resulting in abnormal enlargement of
the extremities—nose, jaw, fingers,
and toes; in children, the disorder
produces gigantism.
Women’s hands with
An Endocrine disorder
Called agromegaly.
Normal
Women’s
Hand
Disorder in children in
which the pituitary
overproduces growth
hormone, resulting in
abnormal enlargement of
the extremities (nose, jaw,
fingers, and toes) and the
long bones, causing unusual
height.
Robert Wadlow 8’ 11”
Leonid
Stadnyk
8’ 5”
Bao Xishun 7’ 9”
He Pingping 2’ 4
condition of growth retardation resulting in
abnormally short adult stature and caused by
a variety of hereditary and metabolic
disorders.
“dwarf” was used to describe
individuals with disproportions
of body and limb, while
“midget” referred to those of
reduced stature but normal
proportions; today neither
word is used, the term “little
people” is widely accepted
Hyperthyroidism:
Disorder in which an overactive
thyroid produces too much
thyroxine, which causes….
a swelling in the neck due to an
enlarged thyroid gland.
(just below Adam's apple or larynx)
(die–ah–BEE–teez MUL–le–tus):
Disorder in which the body's cells
cannot absorb glucose, either because
the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin or the cells do not respond to
the effects of insulin that is produced.
Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes
TYPE 1 – “Juvenile”
an autoimmune disease in which
pancreatic cells are destroyed
TYPE 2 – “Adult Onset”
Insulin resistance in target cells
GESTATIONAL – “pregnancy”
Insulin resistance due to
hormonal changes
Feedback mechanisms have evolved
that maintain homeostasis. Describe
how homeostasis is maintained
thorough feedback.



Identify one feedback mechanism in the
body.
Identify other than death one specific
result if homeostasis fails in the human
body.
Describe how a plant regulates water
loss through feedback mechanism that
involves guard cells