Transcript Most Valuable Gland

Top 5
Most Valuable Glands
Diane Banderas and Shelby Knorr
Pituitary Gland
(The Master Gland)
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Function
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regulation of gonads,
thyroid, adrenal cortex,
lactation, and water
balance. It is controlled by
the Hypothalamus.
Removal
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Disease
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Malfunction usually results
from a tumor (adenoma).
Causes over or under
production of hormones
which can affect many
systems in the body.
Can also become
enlarged.
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Leakage of cerebrospinal
fluid through nose
Inflammation of
membranes around brain
and spine
Treatment After
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Life-Long hormone
replacement therapy
Ovaries
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Function
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Produces ova (eggs)
Female reproductive
Disease
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Ovaries produce higher
amounts of androgens
Interferes with egg
develop. = cysts
Trouble having children
Weight-gain
Diabetes, high blood
pressure
Ovarian Cancer
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Digestive and bladder
issues
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Removal
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Oophorecotmy
If one is removed
menstruation continues
If both are removed
menstruation stops and
woman cannot have
children
Treatment After
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Non-hormonal
biphosphonates
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+ bone strenth
- hot flashes
Hormonal replacement
therapy
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Regulation of many
bodily functions
Testes
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Function
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Produces sperm
Male reproductive
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Endocrine disorders
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Affects size and function
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
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Infertility
Low levels of testosterone
Less facial and body hair
Less muscular
May have trouble using
language and fitting in
Orchiectomy = 1
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Disease
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Removal
Bi-Lateral Orchiectomy = 2
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Can still father children
Can’t father children
Treatment After
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Bank sperm
Replace testosterone
levels
Adrenal Gland(s)
Function
•Works interactively with the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
•The adrenal cortex produces hormones called corticosteroids that influence or
regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress,
metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function.
•The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline),
which increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress.
Disease
•If left untreated, diseases of the adrenal glands can be fatal
•Addison’s Disease, Adrenal Gland Disorders, Adrenal Tumors, Cushing’s
Syndrome
Removal
•Only removed in cases of adrenal cancer
•There is a drop in hormone production
•Without hormone replacement, the patient can develop diabetes, obesity, highblood pressure, and other symptoms of a nonfunctioning metabolism
•May only have to remove one, but removal of both can be necessary
Treatment After Removal
•Hormone replacement therapies
•If only one adrenal gland is removed, then living without the uses of hormonal
supplements is possible
Pineal Gland
Function
•Causes feeling of sleepiness
•Converts nervous system signals to endocrine signals
•Regulates Endocrine Functions
•Sexual development
•Metabolism
•Processing solar light
•Secretion of melatonin
•Is enhanced whenever the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated
•Production of melatonin is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light
Diseases
•Tumors
•Are rare and occur most often in children and young adults
•Most are germ cell tumors
•Headaches, vomiting, seizures
•Diabetes, secondary sex characteristics
Removal
•Very rare that the pineal gland is removed
•Usually only if there is severe cancer
Treatment After Removal
•Hormone replacement therapies must take place because the functions
of the pineal gland are very important to the body’s functions