Transcript hormones that affect metabolism

THYROID GLAND
located at _________________________________
 two important thyroid hormones (which regulate
body metabolism, growth, and differentiation of
tissues)
 __________________________________________
 __________________________________________
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HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM
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Three different glands affect metabolism
____________________________________________
 helps regulate body metabolism (glucose oxidation
rate)
 produces three hormones
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triiodothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin
______________________________________________
 produces parathyroid hormone
 helps regulate calcium levels in blood and lower
phosphate levels
_______________________________________________
 produces growth hormones and regulatory
hormones
HORMONES THAT AFFECT METABOLISM
Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Hormone
Action
THYROID GLAND
individuals who secrete higher levels of thyroxine
oxidize sugars and other nutrients _____________
__________________________________________
 When glycogen stores are filled, excess sugar is
converted to ___________________________
 control of thyroid hormones is accomplished by
____________________
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FEEDBACK LOOP...
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receptors in hypothalamus are activated if the
metabolic rate __________________________
nerve cells secrete ______ (thyroid releasing hormone)
this stimulates pituitary to release _________(thyroid
stimulating hormone)
 carried by blood to thyroid gland which then
releases ___________________________which raises
metabolism by _______________________________
____________________________________by cells
 high levels of thyroxine cause pathway to be
turned ________________, inhibiting release of TRH
Thyroid gland also contains ________________________
 hormone acting on _________________cells to lower
level of __________________________found in blood
OH NO!
when inadequate
amounts of iodine are
obtained from the
diet, thyroid enlarges,
producing a _________.
 If thyroxine levels ↓’s,
TSH ↑’s, and thyroid
is stimulated more
and more
 Thyroid cells continue
to develop and thyroid
_________________
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PARATHYROID GLANDS
____________________parathyroid glands hidden
within larger thyroid gland
 Usually nerves or other hormones regulate the
endocrine glands with the parathyroid glands
being the ________________________________
 These maintain homeostasis by responding
__________________________________in their
immediate surroundings (low calcium levels)
 PTH raises _______________levels in the blood
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PTH (parathyroid hormone) also help activate
vitamin D. (Low levels of vit D cause rickets!)
RICKETS AND GOITERS...
Endocrine System Control
Feedback
REGULATION OF BLOOD CALCIUM
calcitonin
 kidney
reabsorption
of Ca++
thyroid
Ca++ deposited
in bones
high
blood calcium level

uptake
in intestines
Ca++
(10 mg/100mL)
low
activated Vitamin D
bones
release Ca++
 kidney
reabsorption
of Ca++
parathyroid
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (AKA
SOMATOTROPIN)
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Too little = __________
Too much = __________
Released by Ant. Pit.
GH increases cell
__________in muscle cell
and connective tissue by
promoting Protein
Synthesis (increasing
Amino Acid uptake)
Promotes fat burning
Dec. Levels of GH with
age
HGH
AND
CONTROVERSY...
Should you take it?
GH affects all body cells BUT mainly ____________cells
 _____________________________bones of jaw, forehead,
fingers and toes increase in width, once other bones
can no longer increase in length (growth plates fused)
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