Transcript Minerals - Food and Nutrition @ JVS

Minerals
General Functions




Minerals are essential for good health and
normal growth.
Minerals are involved in the control of
certain processes in the body such as
muscle contraction and blood clotting.
Minerals help to prevent diseases.
Minerals are important components of
body fluids.
Calcium

-
-
-
Functions
works with vitamin D to form strong bones
and teeth
for efficient blood clotting
for proper contraction and relaxation of
muscles
for proper functioning of nerves
Calcium

-
-
Sources
Milk and cheese
Small fish eaten whole
Bones of canned fish (e.g. sardines)
Eggs, meat, pulses
Dark green vegetables
Calcium

-
-
-
Effects of Deficiency
Bones are poorly formed and fracture
easily
Bones and teeth are not strong
Rickets- in children
Osteomalacia – in adults
Osteoporosis-in older women
Calcium

-
-
Effects of Excess Intake
May cause urinary calcium concentrates
and calcification of soft tissues
Kidney stones and poor functioning of
kidneys
Calcium

1.
2.
3.
Those who need higher intake of calcium
Growing children
Pregnant and lactating women
Elderly
Iron

-
Function
Necessary for the formation of
haemoglobin so that fuel can be burned to
provide energy
Iron

-
Sources
Liver and red meat
Green leafy vegetables, whole grains
(unavailable due to the presence of phytic
acid which hinders its absorption)
Iron

-
Effects of Deficiency
Anaemia - very pale and general feeling of
weakness and tiredness
Iron

-
Effects of Excess Intake
Is poisonous and can cause toxin to build
up
Iron

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Those who need higher intake of iron
Babies as milk contain very little iron.
Menstruating girls and women who lose
iron when they lose blood.
Pregnant women, who require iron for the
blood supply of the foetus.
People who have undergone surgery or
have lost blood due to physical injury.
Vegetarian who do not eat meat.
Iodine

-
Function
Needed by the thyroid gland to make the
hormone thyroxin that controls the body’s
use of energy - regulates metabolism
Iodine

-
-
Sources
Salt-water fish
Seafood
Seaweed
Iodine

-
Effects of Deficiency
Goitre
The gland becomes enlarged and the
person is slow mentally and physically.
Sodium Chloride

-
-
Function
Helps to maintain water balance in the
body (sodium)
Helps to make hydrochloric acid produced
by the stomach for digestion
Sodium Chloride

-
-
Sources
Salt, salted food
Sauces
Canned foods
Sodium Chloride

-

-
-
Effects of Deficiency
Muscle cramps in legs and abdomen
Effects of Excess Intake
Water retention
Swelling of tissues
Hypertension
Potassium

-
Function
Needed to help nerves to function properly.
Helps to regulate movement of fluids and
minerals in and out of body cells.
Potassium

-
Sources
banana
spinach
Potassium

-
-
Related information
Potassium deficiency is rare.
Kidney problems cause loss of potassium
and can result in weakness, loss of
appetite, nausea and fatigue.
Excess potassium is excreted.
Mineral Supplements


1.
2.
3.
4.
Not all will require.
However people with health conditions
may require with doctors advise.
People who have dietary restrictions.
Pregnant women who require more
nutrients for the development of the baby.
Elderly people who require calcium to
prevent degeneration of bones.
People who are recovering from illness.