Transcript Robert E. Longo - North Carolina Biofeedback Society

Robert E. Longo, MRC, LPC, NCC, BCIA-EEG
Serendipity Healing Arts
Lexington, North Carolina
UNCG Sample
 68 graduate students
 UNCG Counseling & Education Department
 Males = 5
 Females = 63
 Age Range = 21-70
 Average Age = 30
New Mind Mapping System
 qEEG provides a method to take EEG recorded from a variety of locations and
statistically analyze the data to provide topographical maps. This output can be
used to assess clients and develop Neurofeedback protocols. Learning to
process and read qEEG reports typically takes years of experience but the New
Mind Magnitude Analysis system allows users to obtain a report that is easy to
interpret and use even for those with minimal experience interpreting qEEGs.
This allows practitioners new to the field to begin immediately using qEEG
assessment while learning the ins and outs of qEEG guided Neurofeedback as
they grow as Neurofeedback providers- at a price they can afford.
The Magnitude Analysis System provides a reference database system that is
tailored specifically for clinicians instead of researchers. Instead of using
standard deviations the maps provide simple output indicating whether EEG is
high or low in the various dimensions of analysis. The cognitive output
automatically flags areas of possible problems based on correlations between
map output and MRI research. Emotional output information provides similar
information based on MRI research and standard neurology texts as well as
clinical experience. Clinicians can see at a glance the salient issues likely to be
present due to the EEG distribution as well as being provided with an
appropriate protocol option.
New Mind Maps Components
 Client Info
 Client History
 Client Physiological (Metabolic Categories)
 Client Analyses (ISI & CEC)
 Client EEG Analysis (QEEG ~ EC & EO)
 Client Session Tracking
 Client Progress Tracker
 Client Login (Account Information)
What is Interactive Self Inventory?
The Interactive Self Inventory Test is a statistically validated
instrument based on social psychological dimensions of
behavior, many of which correlate with EEG distribution.
Practitioners can have clients fill out the questionnaire and
acquire an output graph indicating potential problem areas of
social interaction that are contributing to the clients problematic
social behavior and which are likely to interfere with the
neurofeedback process. The approach and avoidant dimensions
often correlate with alpha and beta asymmetry while the
impulsivity dimension often correlates with theta distribution
and is highly correlated with TOVA performance. Anxiety and
depression dimensions correlate closely with the Beck
inventories as well as EEG distributions. Problem areas can be
addressed using the provided 'Guides To Change.'
Interactive Self Inventory (ISI)
ISI Categories
 Anxiety
 Flexible
 Depression
 Perfectionistic
 Relaxed
 Co-operative
 Inhibited
 Competitive
 Regulated
 Independence
 Impulsivity
 Dependence
 Passivity
 Interactive
 Assertiveness
 Avoidant
ISI Rating
 Baseline = 1
 A score below Baseline was rated “0”
 A score above Baseline was rated “2”
 N Scores were averaged
Interactive Self Inventory
Category
Average
Anxiety*
0.25
Flexible
1.29
Depression
1.35
Perfectionistic
1.30
Relaxed
1.19
Co-operative
1.29
Inhibited
1.69
Competitive
1.25
Regulated
1.41
Independence
0.61
Impulsivity
1.60
Dependence
1.82
Passivity
1.80
Interactive
1.25
Assertiveness
0.67
Avoidant
1.41
Avoidant Meta Category Slow Left
Hemisphere/Fast Right
Sub-Dimensions: Dependent, passive, inhibited, competitive, perfectionistic, impulsive
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Individuals high in avoidance are typically anxious in nature and frequently susceptible
to depression. They are usually shy as children. It is common for them to be
uncomfortable in social situations. Their self-confidence is low and they may be suffering
from low self-esteem. They may see the world as dangerously unpredictable. They do not
feel they have much:
control over things and are hesitant to act. They are reluctant to express their thoughts
and feelings for fear of being
ridiculed or manipulated. They have rigid agendas and dislike it when others disagree
with them. They tend to entertain a
lot of negative automatic thoughts and emotions (rumination & worry). They see the
glass as half empty. They are at risk
for being reactive and defensive. They tend to recover slowly from emotional upsets and
negative events. They avoid
conflict and confrontation. They often feel numb and have a muted experience of their
own feelings. The may stuff their
feelings and hide their anger. They often have trouble saying “no". They have poor focus,
memory, and concentration
NEO PI-R vs. ISI
The ISI is not validated. UNCG is looking to see how the ISI compares
to the NEO-PI-R.
The Revised NEO Personality Inventory, or NEO PI-R, is a
psychological personality inventory; a 240-item measure of the Five
Factor Model: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Additionally, the test
measures six subordinate dimensions (known as 'facets') of each of the
"FFM" personality factors. The test was developed by Paul T. Costa, Jr.
and Robert R. McCrae for use with adult (17+) men and women without
overt psychopathology. The short version, the NEO-Five Factor
Inventory (NEO-FFI), has 60 items (12 items per domain). The NEO PIR and NEO-FFI were updated in 2010 in a manual called the NEO
Inventories for the NEO Personality Inventory-3, NEO Five-Factor
Model 3, and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. While the NEO PI-R
is still being published, the NEO-PI-3 and NEO-FFI-3 feature updated
normative data and new forms.
The five domains (factors) measured by the NEO PI-R provide a general
description of personality, while the facet scales allow more detailed analysis.
These five factors and their facet scales include:
 Neuroticism (Anxiety, Hostility, Depression, Self
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Consciousness, Impulsiveness, Vulnerability)
Extraversion (Warmth, Gregariousness, Assertiveness,
Activity, Excitement-Seeking, Positive Emotions)
Openness to Experience (Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings,
Actions, Ideas, Values)
Agreeableness (Trust, Modesty, Compliance, Altruism,
Straightforwardness, Tender-Mindedness)
Conscientiousness (Competence, Self-Discipline,
Achievement-Striving, Dutifulness, Order, Deliberation)
What is Cognitive Emotional Checklist?
The Cognitive Emotional Checklist/Presenting Symptoms
reports provide an opportunity to neurofeedback
practitioners to have their clients go through a list of
common cognitive and emotional problems and check off
the intensity level of each problem. Using the research
from MRI studies, the program will produce qEEG map
heads that indicate what areas might be involved in these
problems. There is one head that predicts problem areas
involving slow wave activity and one head that predicts
problem areas involving fast waves. Practitioners can then
compare these maps to the Mini-Q maps and look for
correlations. In the future the program will do this
automatically and indicate where the two measures
converge.
Cognitive Emotional Checklist
CEC total = 68. The below findings of CEC based upon my
ratings of 1-4
Low (blue) = 1
Ok (green) = 2
High (Red) = 3
Very High (yellow) = 4
CEC Average (all Green) is 38.00
Findings
 CEC Slow Average 34.0
 CEC Fast Average 36.7
 Generally, the averages were low (low EEG power)
Cognitive/Emotional Checklist Maps ~ Potential problem locations
The brain maps below indicate potential problem locations. Each location, on the map, displays how strong that
potential may be
Answer Question
 2 Do you get lost easily in buildings or malls.
 1 Do you have trouble finding your car in the parking lot.
 1 Do you get stuck on ideas, thoughts or behaviors.
 1 Do you feel aware of everything going on around you all the time.
 1 Do you have trouble doing math.
 1 Do you worry constantly.
 1 Do you find it generally difficult to get motivated
 1 Do you have difficulty paying attention to a boring presentation.
 1 Do you forget what you (did) had to eat the day before.
 1 Do you find yourself wandering while in conversation.
 1 Do you have trouble remembering names.
NewMindMaps
EEG Analysis Report
EEG Set Name: Ced309964
EEG Report Type: BrainMaster File
EEG Set Name: Ced309953
Subject Age: 26
Test Type: Eyes Closed
Test Date: 01/26/2010
Magnitude
Dominant Frequency
Coherence / Connectivity
Phase
Asymmetry
SubComponent Analysis
Discriminants Analysis
Midline Analysis
SubComponent Analysis
Ratings: Low = 1 Okay = 2 High = 3
Findings
Delta = 2.36
Low Alpha = 1.75 Low Beta = 2.04
Theta = 1.83
High Alpha = 1.83 Beta = 2.29
High Beta = 2.63
Discriminants Analysis
0.04%
N=8
0.0 = 0
0.25 = 8
0.05 = 0
0.75 = 0
1.00 = 0
0.06%
N=8
0.0 = 0
0.25 = 4
0.50 = 4
0.75 = 0
1.00 = 0
0.78%
N = 52
0.0 = 0
0.25 = 3
0.50= 6
0.75 = 18
1.00 = 25
0.88
N = 49
0.0 = 0
0.25= 0
0.50= 5
0.75= 1
1.00= 43
Metabolic Categories
 Adrenal Glands
 Hypothyroidism
 Blood Sugar
 Hyperthyroidism
 Cardio-Vascular
 Kidney Function
 Gall Bladder
 Liver Function
 Gastrointestinal
 Pituitary Gland
 Somatic
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands are the triangular-shaped
endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They
are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in
conjunction with stress through the synthesis of
corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol
and adrenaline (epinephrine), respectively.
Blood Sugar
The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the
amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or
animal. Blood glucose levels are tightly regulated as a part of
metabolic homeostasis. Blood sugar levels outside the normal
range may be an indicator of a medical condition. A persistently
high level is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred
to as hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
persistent hyperglycemia from any of several causes, and is the
most prominent disease related to failure of blood sugar
regulation. A temporarily elevated blood sugar level may also
result from severe stress, such as trauma, stroke, myocardial
infarction, surgery, or illness. Intake of alcohol causes an initial
surge in blood sugar, and later tends to cause levels to fall. Also,
certain drugs can increase or decrease glucose levels.
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is one of the major body systems that
makes sure that the muscles and bones are supplied with the
proper amount of oxygen and blood. Is an organ system that
moves nutrients, gases, and other things to go in and out.
We can divide cardiovascular system in two main circulations:
the small circulation (from heart to lungs to heart again) and the
great circulation (from heart to all body tissues to heart again);
the first has the task to oxygenate venous blood, that returns to
the heart, whereas the second leads this oxygenate blood
through arteries to all body tissues, in order to spread oxygen to
every part of the body. Small and great circulation depend on
one another, and both start from heart.
The Gall Bladder
The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped muscular sack that
acts as a storage tank for bile. The bile is made in the liver
by liver cells and is sent through tiny ducts or canals to the
duodenum (small intestine) and to the gallbladder. The
gallbladder stores the bile to have it available in larger
quantities for secretion when a meal is eaten. The ingestion
of food and especially fats cause the release of a hormone,
cholecystokinin, (CCK) which in turn signals the relaxation
of the valve at the end of the common bile duct (the
sphincter of oddi) which lets the bile enter the small
intestine. It also signals the contraction of the gallbladder
which squirts the concentrated liquid bile into the small
intestine where it helps with the emulsification or
breakdown of fats in the meal.
Gastrointestinal Problems
Most people will experience gastrointestinal problems of some kind at
least once. These types of disorders affect one or more structures in the
digestive system, which includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines,
colon, and rectum. Common gastrointestinal problems include
constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, gastroenteritis, colitis, and
irritable bowel disorders.
The most common gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea and
constipation, are common symptoms of many digestive disorders, but
may also exist without underlying disease. In such cases, these are
often caused by stress, inadequate exercise, routine changes, or
medication. Both diarrhea and constipation may also be caused by
dietary changes or inadequacies. Diarrhea, for example, may be the
result of eating too much fiber or of eating foods to which one is
allergic, while constipation can result from too little fiber or from
overeating dairy products.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is the disease state in humans and in
vertebrates caused by insufficient production of
thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by
abnormally low thyroid hormone production. There
are many disorders that result in hypothyroidism.
These disorders may directly or indirectly involve the
thyroid gland. Because thyroid hormone affects
growth, development, and many cellular processes,
inadequate thyroid hormone has widespread
consequences for the body.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland
makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often
referred to as an "overactive thyroid." Thyroid hormone
functions as a controller of the pace of all of the processes in the
body. This pace is called metabolism. If there is too much
thyroid hormone, every function of the body tends to speed up.
It is therefore not surprising that some of the symptoms of
hyperthyroidism are nervousness, irritability, increased
perspiration, heart racing, hand tremors, anxiety, difficulty
sleeping, thinning of the skin, fine brittle hair, and muscular
weakness—especially in the upper arms and thighs. More
frequent bowel movements may occur, but diarrhea is
uncommon. Weight loss, sometimes significant, despite a good
appetite may occur, vomiting, and, for women, menstrual flow
may lighten and menstrual periods may occur less often.
The Kidneys
 The kidneys perform the essential function of
removing waste products from the blood and
regulating the water fluid levels
The Liver
The liver is the largest glandular organ of the body and
is divided into four lobes of unequal size and shape.
The liver lies on the right side of the abdominal cavity
beneath the diaphragm. The liver is the largest organ
in the human body with many functions: elimination
of toxic substances from the blood; regulation of
protein metabolism; regulation of carbohydrate
metabolism; storage of glycogen and vitamins A,D and
B complex vitamins; and, synthesis of most blood
components.
The adrenal glands are the triangular-shaped endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in c
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary is a pea-sized gland that is housed within
a bony structure (sella turcica) at the base of the brain.
The pituitary controls the function of most other
endocrine glands and is therefore sometimes called
the master gland. In turn, the pituitary is controlled in
large part by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain
that lies just above the pituitary. By detecting the levels
of hormones produced by glands under the pituitary's
control (target glands), the hypothalamus or the
pituitary can determine how much stimulation the
target glands need.
Somatization Disorder
Somatization disorder is a long-term (chronic) condition in
which a person has physical symptoms that are caused by
psychological problems, and no physical problem can be
found. The disorder usually begins before the age of 30 and
occurs more often in women than in men. The disorder is
more common in people with irritable bowel
syndromeirritable bowel syndrome and chronic pain.
People with this disorder have many physical complaints
that last for years and can involve any body system. Most
often, the complaints involve chronic pain and problems
with the digestive system, nervous system, and
reproductive system.
Some of the many symptoms that can
occur with somatization disorder include:
 Abdominal pain
 Amnesia
 Back pain
 Bloating
 Chest pain
 Diarrhea
 Difficulty swallowing
 Dizziness
 Excessive menstrual bleeding
 Headaches
 Impotence
 Irregular menstruation
 Joint pain
 Nausea
 Pain during intercourse
 Pain during urination
 Painful menstruation
 Pain in the legs or arms
 Palpitations
 Paralysis or muscle weakness
 Sexual apathy
 Shortness of breath
 Vision changes
 Vomiting
Sample of 52 Students with QEEG
Category
N
%
Adrenal Glands
51
98%
Blood Sugar
49
94%
Cardiovascular
35
67%
Gall Bladder
17
33%
Gastrointestinal
39
75%
Hypo Thyroid
37
71%
Hyper Thyroid
38
73%
Kidney
46
88%
Liver
44
85%
Pituitary
47
90%
Somatic
46
88%
Summary of Initial Findings
Most Students Report:
Fatigue, Insomnia
Most Students report Physiological symptoms that are
adrenal glad related (i.e., worn out)
Most show EEG related to stress/anxiety
North Carolina
Biofeedback Society
Go to our web site at:
http://www.ncbiofeedback.org/
Contact Information
Web site:
www.roblongo.com
E-mail:
[email protected]
NEARI Press:
 http://www.neari.com/catalogue_01.html