Transcript 1mg/week
ENDOCRINOLOGY Ⅱ Pituitary Gland Thyroid gland Thyroid gland The thyroid hormones Synthesis and secretion: epithelioid cells Storage: in colloid ,a large glycoprotein (thyroglobulin). The thyroid hormones The thyroid hormones : 1mg/week : combine with iodine The thyroid hormones The thyroid hormones The thyroid hormones When the synthesis of TH ceases, Physiologic effects of deficiency are not observed for 2-3 months The thyroid hormones (TH) The thyroid hormones The thyroid hormones (TH) Cretinism TH stimulation formation of dendrites, axons, myelin and neuroglia Deficiency in iodine in fetus : TH↓→ Cretinism Treatment : supplement the TH within three months after birth The thyroid hormones (TH) The thyroid hormones (TH) The thyroid hormones (TH) The thyroid hormones (TH) Nonpitting edema Lengthy sleep The thyroid hormones (TH) The thyroid hormones (TH) :TH↓→constipation Increase the appetite Hyperthyroidism Major clinical signs ： include weight loss (often accompanied by an increased appetite),anxiety, intolerance to heat, hair loss, muscle aches, weakness, fatigue, hyperactivity, irritability The thyroid hormones (TH) Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis Autoregulation Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis Cold, etc. hypothalamus TRH - Anterior pituitary TSH - Thyroid gland T3,T4 Target cell Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Mechanism of goiter Iodine↓→T3,T4↓→ TSH↑ (negative feedback) → T3,T4 ↑and thyroid cells ↑ →goiter The thyroid hormones (TH) Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Auto regulation Wolff-chaikoff effect Without control of TSH, the thyroid gland can adapt itself function to iodide uptake Iodide concentration: 10mmol/L , no uptake of iodide Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion Effect of Autonomic Nervous System on Thyroid Activity Sympathetic nerve: formation of TH↑ Para sympathetic nerve: formation of TH↓ Abnormality of thyroid gland Hypothyroidism Cretinism: extreme hypothyroidism during fetal life, infancy, or childhood Goiter Myxedema: bagginess under the eyes and swelling of the face develop atherosclerosis Sleeping up to 12 to 14 hours a day, extreme muscular sluggishness heart rate↓ cardiac output↓ blood volume↓ Body Weight↑ Constipation mental sluggishness Abnormality of thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism high state of excitability intolerance to heat increased sweating mild to extreme weight loss varying degrees of diarrhea muscle weakness nervousness or other psychic disorders Extreme fatigue but inability to sleep tremor of the hands Summary thyroid hormones Function Abnormality regulation