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Chap. 3 Tissue Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Histology Tissue Epithelial Tissue Apical surface Basal surface Basement membrane Goblet Cell Gland Secretion Hormone 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Connective Tissue Extracellular matrix Ground substance Muscle Tissue Striations Intercalated Disks Nervous Tissue Neuron • Tissue: groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function • Four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous • Histology: the study of tissues Tissues Foldable – FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve – SUMMARIZE THE FUNCTIONS/ROLE OF EACH – INCLUDE ANY SUBTYPES & LOCATIONS IN THE BODY – ORIGINAL PICTURES, WORDS, DIAGRAMS – COLORFUL – DESIGNED TO INSTRUCT ANATOMY STUDENTS – 8.5 x 11 inch white, unlined paper; front & back if needed; one page for each tissue type. CONNECTIVE TISSUE • Use 2 separate sides of paper to include all of these • embryonic tissue: mesenchyme • connective tissue proper – loose • areolar, adipose, reticular – show examples – dense (fibrous) • regular, irregular – give an example of each of these • cartilage – hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage— show examples • bone • blood • NERVOUS TISSUE • MUSCLE TISSUE Use the book to find pictures and locations of these FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM PROTECTION ABSORPTION FILTRATION EXCRETION SECRETION SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS • Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets. • Neighboring cells are bound by desmosomes and tight junctions. • Always have one free surface, “Apical Surface” • Exposed surface is either slick and smooth or ciliated. • Lower surface of epithelium rests on top of a Basement Membrane. • Avascular = No blood supply • Regenerate easily if well nourished Epithelial Tissue: Simple—composed of one cell layer •squamous •cuboidal •columnar •psuedostratified columnar Stratified—two or more cell layers •squamous •columnar •transitional GLANDULAR EPITHELIA • Gland—one or more cells that make and secrete (export) a product • Secretion—an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins; some are lipids or steroid-rich Endocrine glands—internal secretion • ductless, secrete hormones: first into extracellular space then enter blood or lymphatic fluid • structurally diverse • examples: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonads Exocrine glands—external and internal secretion • more numerous, bound to ducts and secretions empty into ducts. • examples: sweat, mucous (goblet cells), liver, pancreas, oil, salivary simple columnar psuedostratified columnar simple cuboidal simple squamous simple squamous simple cuboidal simple columnar stratified squamous stratified cuboidal psuedostratified columnar transitional epithelium CONNECTIVE TISSUE • Most abundant & widely distributed tissue CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS • BINDING & SUPPORT • PROTECTION • INSULATION • TRANSPORTATION Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue • Arise from the mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue) • Variations in blood supply: cartilage is avascular (no blood), Tendons and Ligaments (poor amounts of blood)—other types have rich supply of blood • Extracellular matrix: most connective tissue is nonliving and made up of different types of cells structural elements of connective tissue • ground substance: unstructured materials between cells; holds large amounts of fluid – interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans – provides a medium for diffusion of nutrients between capillaries & connective tissue cells • fibers – collagen, elastic, reticular fibers • cells (-blast: forming cells –cyte: mature cells) – fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hematopoietic stem cell – other cell types (macrophage, mast) Connective Tissue Types • Embryonic Tissue: mesenchyme • Loose Connective Tissue – areolar, adipose, reticular • Dense (fibrous) Connective Tissue – regular, irregular • Cartilage – hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage • Bone • Blood • Locations – under epithelia – lamina propria of mucous membranes – around organs – surround capillaries • Functions – – – – cushions organs inflammation macrophage site hold, convey tissue fluid • Functions – muscles to bone – bone to bone – withstands tensile stress • Locations – tendons – most ligaments – aponeuroses • Functions – supports, reinforces – resists compression – resilient cushioning • Locations – – – – end of long bones ribs nose trachea, larynx Nervous Tissue • neurons • supporting cells Muscle Tissue • skeletal • smooth • cardiac Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle: • Has obvious Striations Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle • Has Intercalated Discs Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle • Cells are pointy on each end Nerve Tissue