Transcript Osteoporosis and arthritis

Human Biology
Project
Arthritis
What is arthritis?
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Arthritis related joint problems include pain, stiffness,
inflammation and damage to joint cartilage (the tough,
smooth tissue that covers the ends of the bones,
enabling them to glide against one another) and
surrounding structures.
It belongs to one kind of Rheumatic disease.
Effects of arthritis
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Arthritis can lead to joint weakness, instability and
visible deformities that, depending on the location of
joint involvement, can interfere with the most basic
daily tasks like walking and climbing stairs.
Treatment on arthritis
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Research has shown that exercise is an essential tool
in managing arthritis.
-regular, moderate exercise offers a whole host of benefits to
people with arthritis.Mainly, exercise reduces joint pain and
stiffness, builds strong muscle around the joints, and increases
flexibility and endurance.
-once you feel comfortable you can move on to weight training
and endurance exercises such as bicycling.
-Research has shown several connections between food,
nutritional supplements (vitamins, minerals and omega-3 fatty
acids) and certain forms of arthritis or related conditions
How to prevent arthritis?
Keep a suitable weight to reduce
the load of the joint
 If possible, try to use larger and
stronger joint(arm) instead of
small and weak joint(finger)
 Do exercises regularly.
 Suggested by German and Italian
scientists, white grape can help
prevent arthritis
-it contains tyrosol and caffeic
acid which can prevent oxidative
stress and inflammatory reactions
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Human Biology Project
Osteoporosis
The definition of
osteoporosis
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The decreased of bone
mass
The disruption of bone
architecture
The bones become fragile
•The comparison between
normal bones and bones
suffered from osteoporosis
The cause of osteoporosis
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The disorder of bone remodeling
-the damage of bones is faster than the
formation of new bones
-the mass of bone is lowered
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For women, after menopause, they
-lose bone calcium at a much faster rate
due to the decrease in hormone oestrogen
-oestrogen helps to absorb and slows
down the excretion of calcium
Other common risk factors for
developing osteoporosis
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Family history of osteoporosis
High consumption of alcohol or caffeine
Cigarette smoking
Low amount of calcium in diet
Limited exposure to sunlight or insufficient vitamin D
intake
Lack of weight-bearing exercises
Some diseases such as thyroid disease,rheumatoid
arthritis and some diseases that interfere with the
intestinal absorption of calcium
Treatment of osteoporosis
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By eating calcium and
vitamin D supplements
-Calcium helps to keep bones
strong, which protects against
breaking.
-Vitamin D supplements are
helpful if a person does not
absorb enough sunlight. These
supplements enables the body to
absorb more calcium
How to prevent osteoporosis?
Eating a well-balanced diet, food rich in calcium and vitamin D
 Avoid cigarette and alcohol
 Weight-bearing exercises and exercises such as walking, dancing
and back extension exercises can increase bone mass and
strengthen muscles
 In September 1999, the scientists of the University of Bern in
Switzerland discovered that
-some food like onion and garlic can prevent the resorption of
calcium - which can cause osteoporosis
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