Transcript The endocrine system is founded on hormones and glands.

The
Endocrine
System
REVIEW!!!!
These are the main parts of the
endocrine system…
Hormones & Glands
• The endocrine system is founded on
hormones and glands.
• Hormones transfer info and orders from a
set of cells to another. Each type of
hormone is designed to affect only certain
cells.
• A gland is a bunch of cells that
produce and gives off chemicals. A
gland ‘selects and removes materials from
the blood, processes them, and secretes
the finished chemical product for use
somewhere in the body.’
Endocrine System Parts
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Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Adrenal Glands
Pineal Body
Reproductive Glands
Hypothalamus
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In the lower central part of the brain
The main link between the endocrine and the
nervous systems.
Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the
pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either
stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from
the pituitary.
Pituitary Gland
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The gland is no bigger than a pea.
Located at the base of the brain,
and the most important part of
the entire endocrine system.
AKA: The master gland because
it makes hormones that control
other endocrine glands.
The production of hormones and
secretions can be affected by
emotions and seasons change.
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The thyroid is in the front
part of the lower neck,
and is shaped like a
butterfly.
It produces the hormones
known as thyroxine and
triiodothyronine.
These control the rate at
which cells burn fuels from
food to produce energy.
Thyroid hormones are
important because they
participate in the growth
and development of kids’
and teens’ bones and the
nervous system.
Attached to the thryoid are
four small glands called the
parathyroids, which, with
the help of calcitonin,
control the calcium level.
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There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.
There are two parts, each of which makes hormones and has a different function.
This gland controls the salt and water balance in the body, responses to stress, metabolism,
the immune system, and sexual development/function.
It also makes hormones (catecholamines) that increases blood pressure and heart rate when
there is stress. (ex. Epinephrine, or adrenaline)
Adrenal
Glands
Reproductive Glands!!!
• The gonads (ovaries and testes) are
the main source of sex hormones.
Male Gonads
• In guys the male gonads, or
testes are located in the
scrotum. They secrete the
hormones that include
testosterone. These hormones tell
a guy's body when it's time to
make the changes associated with
puberty, like penis and height
growth, deepening voice, and
growth in facial and pubic hair.
Working with hormones from the
pituitary gland, testosterone also
tells a guy's body when it's time to
• The ovaries are located in her pelvis. They
produce eggs and secrete the female hormones
estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is involved
when a girl begins to go through puberty. During
puberty, a girl will experience breast growth, will
begin to accumulate body fat around the hips and
thighs, and will have a growth spurt. Estrogen and
progesterone are also involved in the regulation of
a girl's menstrual cycle. These hormones also play
a role in pregnancy.
Female Gonads
What
can go
wrong
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Too much or too little of
any hormone can be
harmful to your body.
For example, if the pituitary gland
produces too much growth
hormone, a teen may grow
excessively tall. If it produces too
little, a teen may be unusually
short. Doctors can often treat the
problems by controlling the
production of hormones or
replacing certain hormones with
medication. Some endocrine
problems that affect teens are…
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Adrenal insufficiency. This condition occurs
when the adrenal glands don't produce
enough corticosteroids. The symptoms of
adrenal insufficiency may include weakness,
fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea,
dehydration, and skin changes.
Growth hormone problems. Too much
growth hormone in kids and teens who are
still growing will make their bones and other
body parts grow excessively. This rare
condition (sometimes called gigantism) is
usually caused by a pituitary tumor and can
be treated by removing the tumor.
Problems…
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Hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is
a condition in which the levels of
thyroid hormones in the blood are very
high/low.
Precocious puberty. If the
pituitary glands release
hormones that stimulate the
gonads to produce sex
hormones too early, some
kids may begin to go
through puberty at a very
young age.