Transcript November 7, 2011 Warm UP

November 7, 2011
Warm UP
1. Take out Journal
2. Finish Endocrine System
Vocabulary Sheet
3. Make sure name and class period is
at top of paper
4. Will turn in vocabulary once
attendance is taken
If asked to explain what diabetes
was, how would you explain it?
• Class Discussion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-azNQbLIc68 (song)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EEtubB74lM (cartoon)
Let’s read Erika’s story as a group.
• Use information learned from Erika’s story
to define terms below…
What body system helps to control
the insulin in your body?
Foldable
Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu
• How have you changed over
the past year?
• What has caused those
changes?
• How do you think you will
change in the next few years?
• The Endocrine System
regulates, coordinates
and controls:
– Growth and development.
– Male and female
development.
– How your body uses energy.
– Levels of salts and sugars in
your blood.
– The amount (volume) of
fluid in your body.
– Appetite.
– Many other body functions.
• The Endocrine
Glands are the
organs of the
Endocrine
System.
• They produce and
secrete (release)
Hormones.
• They are located
all over your body.
Gland
What it Regulates
Pituitary
“Master Gland” that regulates all other
Endocrine Glands, also releases growth
hormone
Thyroid
Metabolism, body heat, bone growth
Parathyroids
Use of Calcium and Phosphorous
Hypothalamus
Links nervous system to endocrine
system
Adrenal
Response in emergency or stressful
situations, metabolism, blood pressure,
salt balance
Pancreas
Blood sugar
Ovaries
Production of eggs; female
characteristics
Testes
Production of sperm; male
characteristics
Thymus
Parts of the immune system
• The answer is
Hormones!
Hormones are chemical
messengers that are secreted
(released) from glands into the
blood and affect cells in
another part of the body.
• Hormones only work on certain cells,
called target cells.
• The target cells have special receptors
that “recognize” the hormones and allow
them to influence that cell.
Hormone A
Hormone B
These receptors recognize the hormones.
They “fit” like a lock and key.
External stimuli
by way of nerves
from the sensory
organs in the nervous
system
Internal stimuli
by way of nerves
and other hormones
from inside the body
Brain reacts by way
of secretions from
neurons in
hypothalamus
(neurohormones)
Brain also reacts by
way of nerves from
hypothalamus and
brainstem
“Autonomic Nervous System”
What is the
difference between
nerve and hormone
control?
Why both kinds
of controls?
Discuss your answers.
•Remember, external means coming from
outside of your body and internal means
coming from inside of your body.
Stimulus:
• You hear a loud noise
• A large dog runs toward you,
growling and barking
• You eat a large candy bar
• You have not eaten in six
hours
• You have strep throat
• A chain of events occur that lead from
the stimulus to the response.
You eat. Glucose (sugar)
in the blood increases.
• Negative feedback means that
when enough hormone is in the
body, the body stops producing
the hormone until it is needed
again. Increased glucose is detected by receptors
that notify the brain. It sends a message
to the pancreas to produce insulin.
Pancreas stops making insulin.
Blood glucose level drops as
it is removed by the cells.
Insulin tells muscle and liver to take up
glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy
or store it for later. Brain reduces appetite.
Diabetes
In the case shown in this picture, the body produces insulin but the target cells
become resistant and unresponsive to it. Diabetes can also be caused by the
body not producing enough insulin. The glucose does not enter the muscle
and liver cells like it should and it builds up in the blood causing complications.
A few hormone systems
are positive feedback
systems:
The pituitary gland sends a
signal by way of the
hormone oxytocin to the
uterus causing contractions.
The pressure of the fetus on
the cervix sends a signal
back to the brain which
then stimulates the release
of more oxytocin. This
causes more contractions.
The fetus pushes harder on
the cervix. More oxytocin
is released. The system
continues until birth occurs.
• When normal functions lose their negative
feedback control, many times disease is the
result.
in the hypothalamus secrete thyroid releasing
• An example: •Neurons
hormone (TRH), which stimulates cells in the anterior
pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
•TSH binds to receptors to cells in the thyroid gland,
stimulating thyroid hormones, which affect all cells in
the body.
•When blood concentrations of thyroid hormones
increase above a certain level, TRH-secreting neurons
in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting
TRH.
•If this process is disrupted, the Thyroid keeps
producing hormones and hyperthyroid disease ensues.
Do you know where each hormone comes from, where it
acts, and what the action is? Guess first, then click each
to find out.
Progesterone
Insulin
Adrenaline
Testosterone
Thyroxine
Cortisol
Estrogen
Done
• Where it comes from: Adrenal
Gland
• Where it acts: heart, blood
vessels, eyes
• What it does: stimulates heart rate,
increases blood pressure, dilates
pupils
• Causes "Adrenaline Rush”
• A 'fight and flight' hormone.
• It is released in high stress
conditions or in excitement or fear.
• Loud noise, high temperature etc.
may also trigger its release since
these are also high stress
Return to hormones slide
situations.
• Where it comes from:
ovary (where an egg
was released)
• Where it acts: uterus
• What it does: controls
menstruation in
women and plays a
role in pregnancy.
• One of the
components of birth
control pills
Return to hormones slide
• Where it comes from: thyroid
gland
• Where it acts: most cells of
the body
• What it does: controls the
rate of metabolic processes
(how energy is used) in the
body and influences physical
development
• People may not produce
enough of this hormone and
get a condition known as
hypothyroidism. They can
take thyroxine to treat this
Return to hormones slide
condition.
• Where it comes from: testicles
• Where it acts: body-hair cells,
muscle, reproductive structures
• What it does: stimulates
development of male sexual
characteristics
• Testosterone is a steroid and has
been administered to athletes in
order to improve performance.
This is considered to be a form of
doping in most sports and is a
very dangerous practice.
• Females also produce small
amounts of testosterone in their
ovaries that affect muscle
development and other body
Return to hormones slide
functions.
• Where it comes from:
ovary
• Where it acts: breast
tissue, reproductive
structures in female
• What it does: stimulates
development of female
sexual characteristics
• Estrogen levels may be
related somehow to
migraine headaches in
women.
Return to hormones slide
• Where it comes from:
outer part of adrenal
gland
• Where it acts: multiple
tissues
• What it does: mental
stimulation, breaks down
fat and protein to glucose,
anti-inflammation
• It is usually referred to as
the "stress hormone" as it
is involved in response to
stress and anxiety.
Return to hormones slide
• Where it comes from:
Insulin is produced in the
pancreas
• Where it acts: liver,
muscle, and fat tissue
• What it does: Insulin
causes cells to take up
glucose (sugar) from the
blood, storing it in the liver
and muscle, and stopping
use of fat as an energy
source.
• Problems with insulin
production or use in the
body can lead to diabetes. Return to hormones slide
• What are the functions of the Endocrine
System?
• Name 5 Endocrine Glands and what they
do.
• What are hormones?
• How do hormones work?
• Name some hormones and what they do.
• At what times in your life do you think your
Endocrine System is most active?