Transcript Slide 1
Endocrine System Figure 26.2A_s1 Water-soluble hormone 1 Target cell Nucleus Interstitial fluid Receptor protein Plasma membrane Figure 26.2A_s2 Water-soluble hormone 1 Interstitial fluid Receptor protein Plasma membrane Target cell 2 Signal transduction pathway Relay molecules Nucleus Figure 26.2A_s3 Interstitial fluid Water-soluble hormone Receptor protein 1 Plasma membrane Target cell 2 Signal transduction pathway Relay molecules 3 Cytoplasmic response Cellular responses or Gene regulation Nucleus Figure 26.2B_s1 Interstitial fluid Steroid hormone 1 Target cell Nucleus Figure 26.2B_s2 Interstitial fluid Steroid hormone 1 Target cell 2 Receptor protein Nucleus Figure 26.2B_s3 Interstitial fluid Steroid hormone 1 Target cell 2 Receptor protein Nucleus DNA 3 Hormonereceptor complex Figure 26.2B_s4 Interstitial fluid Steroid hormone 1 Target cell 2 Receptor protein Nucleus 3 Hormonereceptor complex DNA 4 Transcription mRNA New protein Cellular response: activation of a gene and synthesis of new protein Figure 26.4A Brain Hypothalamus Posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary Bone Hypothalamus: the master gland Figure 18–9 Pituitary Hormones and Their Targets. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.4B Hypothalamus Neurosecretory cell Hormone Posterior pituitary Blood vessel Oxytocin Uterine muscles Mammary glands Anterior pituitary ADH Kidney tubules Figure 26.4C Neurosecretory cell of hypothalamus Blood vessel Releasing hormones from hypothalamus Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary Pituitary hormones TSH ACTH FSH and LH Thyroid Adrenal cortex Testes or ovaries Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Entire Mammary glands body (in mammals) Endorphins Pain receptors in the brain Figure 26.4E Hypothalamus Inhibition TRH Anterior pituitary TSH Thyroid Thyroxine Inhibition The Thyroid Gland Figure 18–10a The Thyroid Gland. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Figure 26.9 Adrenal gland Kidney Adrenal medulla Adrenal cortex Stress Nerve signals 1 Hypothalamus 3 Releasing hormone Cross section of spinal cord Anterior pituitary Nerve cell 4 Nerve cell Blood vessel ACTH 5 Adrenal medulla ACTH Adrenal cortex 2 Epinephrine and norepinephrine Short-term stress response 1. Glycogen broken down to glucose; increased blood glucose 2. Increased blood pressure 3. Increased breathing rate 4. Increased metabolic rate 5. Change in blood flow patterns, leading to increased alertness and decreased digestive and kidney activity Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Long-term stress response Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids 1. Retention of sodium ions and water by kidneys 2. Increased blood volume and blood pressure 1. Proteins and fats broken down and converted to glucose, leading to increased blood glucose 2. Immune system may be suppressed