Transcript energy. - Madison County Schools

Energy
1. Energy
• The ability to do work or cause change is
called energy.
1. Energy
• When an object does work on another object,
energy is transferred to that object
• Power is the rate at which the work is done.
2. Types of Energy
• There are two basic kinds of energy:
– Kinetic Energy
– Potential Energy
3. Kinetic
• The energy of motion is called kinetic energy
(kineos = moving)
Ex: running, blowing, rolling, sliding
4. Potential
• Stored energy, based on the position or mass of
an object is called potential energy.
• Potential Energy Depends on
– Position
– Mass of object
Ex: sitting on a shelf / sitting on the floor
small car sitting on a hill
large car sitting on a hill
5. Types of Potential Energy
• Gravitational Potential Energy is energy
related to an objects height.
• Ex: a skier on a 100 ft. slope has more
potential energy than a skier on a 70 ft. slope
5. Types of Potential Energy
• Elastic Potential Energy is energy gained from
being stretched
• Ex: sling shot, bow and arrow
Forms of Energy
1. Mechanical
• Energy associated with the position and
motion of an object (working energy)
• Mechanical energy = PE + KE
Ex: a football being thrown by Drew Brees vs.
being thrown by a 4 year old boy
(size of ball, strength of player)
2. Thermal
• Particles in motion generate heat – which is
measured by thermal energy
Ex: fast moving particles – high heat
slow moving particles – less heat
fire, lava, warm air, sunlight
3. Electric
• Energy from electric charges – or the
movement of electrons
Ex: electricity in your home
lightning
batteries
4. Chemical
• Energy that comes from breaking and forming
chemical bonds
Ex: fizzing caused by baking soda and vinegar
glow sticks producing light
food
5. Nuclear
• Potential energy that is stored in an atom and
released in a nuclear reaction
Ex: electricity from nuclear power plant
nuclear fission
6. Electromagnetic
• Energy that travels in waves
Ex: microwaves
sunlight
xrays
radio waves
sound
Energy Transformations and
Conversions
1. Energy Transformations
• Most forms of energy can be
transformed into other forms.
This is called an energy
transformation.
• Two types of energy
transformations are:
– Single transformations
– Multiple transformations
2. Single Transformations
• In a single transformation, one form of energy is
transferred into another.
• Examples:
– Toasters transform electrical to thermal
– Cell phones transform electrical to electromagnetic
– Your body transforms chemical to mechanical
3. Multiple Transformations
• Multiple transformations occur when a series
of energy transformations occur.
• Example – Striking a Match:
– Mechanical to strike it
– Thermal energy releases stored chemical energy
– Electromagnetic energy in the form of light
4. Conservation of Energy
• The law of conservation of energy states that
energy can not be created or destroyed.
Heat Transfer
1. Conduction
• The transfer of heat by TOUCH
• Examples include:
– Warm hands by holding hot coffee
– Warm seat by sitting on it
– Spoon gets hot by sitting in hot soup
2. Radiation
• Getting heat by standing near something that
is hot
• Heat spread out, so it is cooler the farther
away you are
• Examples:
– Heat from hot pavement
– Heat from hot grill
– Steam off of hot coffee
– Standing near a fire
3. Convection
• Heat that circulates is called convection
• Examples:
– a vent blows the heat around a room
– Convection oven
– heat rises as in boiling water
4. Insulator
• An insulator prevents heat from coming in or
going out
• Examples:
– Thermal jacket
– Thermal cups / mugs
– Home insulation
5. Conductor
• Used to transfer heat
• Examples:
– Metal is a good conductor of heat
What do I study for my test?
• Notes Types of Energy
• Notes Energy Transformations
• Notes on Heat (conduction, radiation,
convection) and Insulators and Conductors
• Feel the Heat Worksheet
• Kinetic or Potential energy Worksheet
• What is Heat Worksheet
• Vocabulary
What do I study for my test?
• Notes Types of Energy
• Notes Energy Transformations
• Notes on Heat (conduction, radiation,
convection) and Insulators and Conductors
• Feel the Heat Worksheet
• Kinetic or Potential energy Worksheet
• What is Heat Worksheet
• Vocabulary