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The ability to do work
Energy, capacity of a physical system to perform work.
Matter possesses energy as the result of its motion or its
position in relation to forces acting on it.
Energy associated with motion is known as kinetic energy
and energy related to position is called potential energy.
Kinetic Energy -- Energy possessed by an
object, as a result of its motion. The magnitude
of the kinetic energy depends on both the
mass and the speed of the object according to
the equation
E =1/2 mv2
Potential Energy -- Stored energy possessed by a system as
a result of the relative positions of the components of that
system. For example, if a ball is held above the ground, the
ball has a certain amount of potential energy; lifting the ball
higher increases the amount of potential energy the system
possesses.
If two equally and oppositely charged bodies are connected by a
metallic conductor such as a wire, the charges neutralize each
other. This neutralization is accomplished by means of a flow of
electrons through the conductor from the negatively charged body
to the positively charged one.. In any continuous system of
conductors, electrons will flow from the point of lowest potential to
the point of highest potential. A system of this kind is called an
electric circuit.
Charges between clouds or
between a cloud and the ground
produce atmospheric electrical
discharges—lightning. The flow
of electricity from one discharge
point to another also produces a
sound wave heard as thunder.
Nuclear Energy - Energy released during the splitting or
fusing of atomic nuclei. The quantities of energy that can
be obtained from the nucleus far exceed those that can
be obtained from chemical processes, which involve only
the outer regions of the atom.
Nuclear energy can be released in two
different ways: by fission (splitting) of a heavy
nucleus, or by fusion (combining) of two light
nuclei.
The energy due to the heat of
the body.
The energy due to the chemical
reaction (involved with electrons
in the orbits). e.g., dry cell.
All forms of energy are
interconvertible by
appropriate processes.
In the process of
transformation either
kinetic or potential
energy may be lost or
gained, but the sum
total of the two always
remains the same.