Transcript TYPES AND FORMS OF ENERGY

The ability to do
WORK or transfer
heat and to cause
change. Energy
can’t be created
nor destroyed.
THERMAL
internal motion of
particles
NUCLEAR
ENERGY
motion of objects
changes in the
nucleus
ELECTRICAL
CHEMICAL
bonding of atoms
MECHANICAL
joules (J)
motion of electric
charges
ENERGY IS ALL AROUND US!
 You can see energy as light from the
sun or a lamp.
 You can feel it as heat warms things
up.
 You can see motion energy every time
you move.
TYPES OF ENERGY
 Potential
 Kinetic
 Potential Energy (PE)
 stored energy
 depends on position or configuration of an
object
• Which boulder has greater
gravitational PE?
• What other ways can an
object store energy?
Define Potential Energy
Potential energy is energy due to position or
stored energy. Potential energy is also
called gravitational potential energy.
Examples of potential
energy
By stretching a rubber band, you give it
potential energy.
A vase on a shelf has stored potential energy.
A football being held by a quarterback has
potential energy until it is thrown and it
turns into kinetic energy.
Potential Energy
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 Kinetic Energy
(KE)
 energy in the form of motion
 depends on mass and velocity
• Which has the most KE?
80 km/h truck
• Which has the least KE?
50 km/h motorcycle
80 km/h
50 km/h
80 km/h
Define Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Kinetic energy is measured by how much is
work done to put an object in motion or to
rest.
Examples of kinetic energy
A basketball player has kinetic energy. The
movements that she does show the energy
that is being displayed while she is moving.
When you are running, walking, or jumping,
your body is exhibiting kinetic energy.
KINETIC ENERGY
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Example of something that
has both potential and
kinetic energy.
A waterfall has both kinetic and potential
energy. The water at the top of the
waterfall has stored potential energy. Once
the water leaves the top of the waterfall,
the potential energy is changed into kinetic
energy.
A
 HOW DOES
ENERGY
CHANGE AS YOU
SWING?
 POTENTIAL VS.
KINETIC
ENERGY
SWING
B
B
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What are the different
forms of Energy?
 Energy has a number of different forms, all
of which measure the ability of an object to
do work on or change another object.
 In other words, there are different ways
that an object can possess energy.
Forms of Energy
 Mechanical
 Thermal
 Chemical
Energy can be
transferred, or
converted, from
one form to
another!
 Electrical
 Electromagnetic
 Sound
 Nuclear
Energy of Motion (mechanical)
 Energy can cause motion and create change.
 Car moving
 A person Walking
 A ball bouncing
What is Mechanical Energy?
Energy due to a object’s
motion (kinetic) or
position (potential).
The bowling ball has
mechanical energy.
When the ball strikes the
pins, mechanical energy is
transferred to the pins!
Examples of Mechanical Energy
What is electrical energy?
 A form of energy that is produced when electrons
move from one place to another.
 Electrons are particles that are in the space around
the nucleus of an atom.
 The forces of attraction and repulsion make
electrons move.
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What is Electrical Energy?
Easily transported
through power lines
and converted into
other forms of energy
What is Electromagnetic Energy?
Light energy
Includes energy from
gamma rays, x-rays,
ultraviolet rays, visible
light, infrared rays,
microwave and radio
bands
Chemical Energy
 Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.
 Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are
stored chemical energy.
 Chemical energy is released when substances react and
form new substances.
 What holds atoms in molecules together
 Can be released by chemical reactions like burning wood
 Chemical energy can change to:
sound
light
heat
electrical motion
What is Chemical Energy?
o Energy that is available
for release from
chemical reactions.
Example: The chemical
bonds in a matchstick
store energy that is
transformed into
thermal energy when
the match is struck.
Examples of Chemical Energy
Thermal
(heat)
Energy
 The random motion, or
vibration, of atoms in matter
 The faster the atoms vibrate
the more heat energy they
have
What is Thermal Energy?
Heat energy
The heat energy of an object
determines how active its
atoms are.
A hot object is one whose atoms
and molecules are excited and
show rapid movement.
A cooler object's molecules and
atoms will show less movement.
Thermal Energy
All objects give
off thermal
energy
Ice cream melting
gains thermal
energy
Thermal Energy?
 Heat energy flows from warmer substances to cooler
substances.
 Heat is transferred from one object to another in three
different ways:
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Nuclear Energy
 Energy stored in the nucleus of
an atom from fission or fusion
 Holds protons and neutrons
together in an atom’s nucleus
 Powers the sun and nuclear
power plants
NUCLEAR ENERGY
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What is Sound?
 Sound is a form of energy produced by a
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vibration or a back and forth movement of an
object.
Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from
its source of its matter.
The more vibrations the waves have, the more
energy, the louder the sound.
The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the
higher the sound.
How high or low a sound is called the pitch.
QUIZ TIME!
What form of energy
cooks food in a
microwave oven?
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
What form of energy is
the spinning plate inside
of a microwave oven?
MECHANICAL ENERGY
QUIZ TIME!
Electrical energy is transported
to your house through power
lines.
When you plug an electric fan to
a power outlet, electrical energy
is transform into what form of
energy?
MECHANICAL ENERGY
QUIZ TIME!
What energy transformation
occurs when an electric lamp is
turned on?
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
What forms of energy are shown below?
Mechanical and Thermal Energy
(Don’t forget friction)
What form of energy is shown below?
Chemical Energy
What forms of energy are shown below?
Electrical, Mechanical and
Electromagnetic Energy
What form of energy is shown below?
Chemical Energy
What form of energy is shown below?
Thermal Energy
 Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy
transformations in a car from starting vehicle to
driving. You should have 5 different types of
energy.
Energy Transfer
Sound
Thermal
Electrical
Mechanical
Chemical
Light
(Electromagnetic)
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
 ENERGY CAN NOT BE CREATED OR
DESTROYED.
 IT CAN ONLY CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO
ANOTHER.
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
 ANY TIME ENERGY CHANGES FROM ONE
FORM TO ANOTHER SOME OF THE ENERGY
IS LOST AS HEAT.
 ENERGY CONVERSIONS ARE NOT 100%
EFFICIENT.
ENTROPY
 THE THERMODYNAMIC MEASURE OF
DISORDER
 A SYSTEM TENDS TO BECOME DISORDERLY
 TO MAINTAIN ORDER ENERGY MUST BE
USED
ENTROPY
 TO KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN YOU MUST
USE ENERGY TO PICK UP AND ORGANIZE
 TO MAINTAIN A CAR THE OIL MUST BE
CHANGED, TUNE UPS, SPARK PLUGS
REPLACED, FLUIDS TOPPED OFF OR
REPLACED, ETC.