Transcript S8P2 Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of

S8P2
Students will be familiar with the
forms and transformations of energy
Enduring Understandings
• Energy appears in different forms such as mechanical
energy, gravitational energy, heat energy, and electric and
magnetic energy.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed
from one form into another.
• Transformations of energy usually release some energy
typically in the form of heat.
• Temperature changes as heat is transferred from a hotter
object to a colder one.
• Heat transfer occurs by conduction, convection, or
radiation.
• Series and parallel circuits can be used to control
the amount of electrical energy produced.
• Every object exerts gravitational force on every
other object. The force depends on the mass of
the objects and the distance between them.
Energy is the ability to do work or cause
change.
Explain energy transformation in
terms of the Law of Conservation of
Energy
• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can
only be changed form one form into another.
– Example: Your car changes chemical energy (gas)
into mechanical energy (energy of motion), heat
energy (thermal), and sound energy) . No energy is
created or destroyed.
– Some may be converted into unwanted forms (heat).
Explain the relationship between
potential and kinetic energy
• Potential energy is the stored energy that an
object has due to its shape, position (height)
or chemical composition.
– Examples:
• Gravatitional Potential Energy
• Elastic Potential Energy
• Chemical Potenital Energy
• Kinetic energy is energy of motion
– Depends on mass and speed. An increase in
speed causes a greater increase in kinetic
energy than increase in mass.
– Potential energy is converted into kinetic
energy when an object is acted on by a force
and is set in motion. As the object slows the
kinetic energy is converted back to potential
energy. No energy is created or destroyed.
Compare and contrast the different
forms of energy (heat, light,
electricity, mechanical motion,
sound) and their characteristics.
• Thermal Energy (Heat Energy)
– The total amount of energy from the movement
of particles in matter.
• Light Energy (Electromagnetic)
– Energy that comes from electromagnetic energy such
as visible light.
– Can travel through empty space
– Includes visible light, ultraviolet light, x rays, and
microwaves.
• Electrical Energy
– The flow of electrons through a circuit.
• Mechanical Motion
– Involves the position and motion of objects.
– Mechanical energy is the combination of potential
energy and kinetic energy. ME=PE + KE
• Sound Energy
– Energy that is the transfer of vibrations through a
solid, liquid, or gas.
– Sound cannot travel through space.
Describe how heat can be transferred
through matter by the collisions of
atoms (conduction) or through space
(radiation) or through a liquid or gas
(convection)
• Conduction – transfer through physical contact.
• Convection – transfers energy through a liquid or
gas.
• Radiation – transfers energy through EM waves.