Transcript Michigan Fishes II

Michigan Fishes
23 October 2012
Michigan Fishes
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Michigan dominates Great Lakes watershed
Shoreline = 3,288 miles (2nd to Alaska)
Over 35,000 inland lakes and 36,350 miles of rivers
Of 172 Great Lakes species, 153 found in Michigan
Species List
Ictaluridae: Ictalurus punctatus – channel catfish
Salmonidae: Salvelinus fontinalis – brook trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss – rainbow trout
Salmo trutta – brown trout
Sciaenidae: Aplodinotus grunniens – freshwater drum
Gasterosteidae: Culaea inconstans – brook stickleback
Amiidae: Amia calva – bowfin
Clupeidae: Dorosoma cepedianum – gizzard shad
Percopsidae: Percopsis omiscomaycus – trout-perch
Aphredoderidae: Aphredoderus sayanus – pirate perch
Lotidae: Lota lota – burbot
Moronidae: Morone chrysops – white bass
Atherinopsidae: Labidesthes sicculus – brook silverside
Ictaluridae
Catfishes: family characteristics
• Four pairs of barbels
• No scales
• Adipose fin present
• Stout spines in dorsal and
pectoral fins
Ictalurus punctatus – channel catfish
• Deeply forked tail
• Tail usually with dark margin
• Usually dark spots on sides
35 lb CO state record
Salmonidae
Trouts: family characteristics
• Body terete to moderately compressed
• Single soft-rayed dorsal fin, adipose fin present
• Cycloid scales on body, head naked
• 18 total Michigan species
Salvelinus fontinalis: brook trout
• Head, back, and dorsal fin
vermiculated
• Side with light spots (often blue
and red in life)
• Leading edge of lower fins white with black inner edge
• Caudal fin truncate or shallowly forked
Salmonidae
Trouts: family characteristics
• Body terete to moderately compressed
• Single soft-rayed dorsal fin, adipose fin
present
• Cycloid scales on body, head naked
• 18 total Michigan species
Oncorhynchus mykiss: rainbow trout
• Oncorhynchus = hooked nose
• Back, top of head, dorsal and caudal fins
with many small black spots
• Usually pink stripe along side
• Adipose usually spotted with black margin
Salmonidae
Trouts: family characteristics
• Body terete to moderately
compressed
• Single soft-rayed dorsal fin, adipose
fin present
• Cycloid scales on body, head naked
• 18 total Michigan species
Salmo trutta: brown trout
• Lightish brown background color
• Side with many orange and red
spots
• Adipose orange without black
margin
Sciaenidae
Drums: family characteristics
• Body compressed and deep
• Highly arched lateral line that extends to end of rounded caudal
• Two dorsal fins, pelvic fins with one spine, anal fin with two
• Ctenoid scales
• Snout blunt with almost
horizontal mouth
Aplodinotus grunniens:
freshwater drum
• Only species in Michigan
• Strongly nocturnal
• Large grooved otoliths used to estimate age and migrations
Gasterosteidae
Sticklebacks: family characteristics
• Series of free dorsal spines
• Body elongate and compressed
• Caudal peduncle slender, naked or with bony plates
• Anal fin with single strong spine
Culaea inconstans: brook stickleback
• Dorsal spines 5 or 6
• Caudal peduncle deeper than
wide, without keel
Amiidae
Bowfins: family characteristics
• Bony (gular) plate between lower jaw bones
• Single long dorsal fin
• Cycloid scales
• Caudal fin abbreviate
heterocercal
Amia calva: bowfin
• A.k.a. dogfish, grinnel
• Black spot at caudal fin base
• Mottled coloration
• Similar to burbot, mudminnow
• Only species in this family
• Gulp air when oxygen is low
Clupeidae
Herrings and shads: family
characteristics
• Body compressed
• Single dorsal fin, no adipose fin
• Thin cycloid scales, head naked
(scaleless)
• Spiny scutes on midline of belly
• No lateral line
Dorosoma cepedianum: gizzard shad
• Posterior ray of dorsal fin elongated
• Dorsal fin starts behind pelvic fin
insertion
• Snout rounded, mouth subterminal
• Dark spot behind operculum
Percopsidae
Trout-perches: family characteristics
• Body slender with mod. sized ctenoid scales
• Jaws with villiform teeth
• Head naked, nostrils narrowly separated
• Adipose fin present, caudal deeply forked
Percopsis omiscomaycus: trout-perch
• Small silvery fish
• Dark spots down lateral line
• Dorsal and anal fin each with spine
• One of only two species in genus
Aphredoderidae
Pirate perches: family characteristics
• Body oblong, heavy forward
• Villiform teeth
• Caudal fin truncate
• Genital aperture and anus migrates
forward to throat in adult
Aphredoderus sayanus: pirate perch
• Only species in Michigan
• Body dark slate color
• Distinct dark caudal bar
• Often dark teardrop
• 3 dorsal and 2 anal fin spines
Lotidae
Hakes and burbots: family characteristics
• One to three dorsal fins
• Chin barbel
• Caudal fin rounded
Lota lota: burbot
• Dorsal, caudal, anal fins separate
• Pelvic fins jugular
• Mottled coloration all over body
• Similar to American eel
• Only species in genus
Moronidae
Temperate basses: family characteristics
• Two separate or narrowly joined
dorsal fins
• Shallowly forked caudal
• 3 spines in anal fin
• Opercular spine (separates from
Centrarchidae)
Morone chrysops: white bass
• Anal spines graduated in length
(1st shortest, 3rd longest)
• Distinct stripes on body
Atherinopsidae
Silversides: family characteristics
• Body elongate, terete
• Superior mouth
• Many small scales
• Silver lateral stripe
• 2 dorsal fins
Labidesthes sicculus: brook silverside
• Mouth formed into short beak
• 1st dorsal fin very small
• Long anal fin