Transcript File

Anatomy of the Digestive
System
Organ System Cluster
Prepared by: Maria Michaela Valenzuela, PTRP
Reference
 Seeley, R., Stephens, T., and
Tate, P., Anatomy & Physiology.
8th ed. McGraw Hill Company
Inc., (2008)
 Snell, R., Clinical Anatomy by
Regions. 8th ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins (2008)
Regional Division of the
Abdomen
Used to facilitate location
of the various organs of
the abdominal cavity.
Organs of the Digestive
System
Alimentary tract: Accessory
main passage of
Organs
food
 Teeth
 Mouth
 Pharynx
 Esophagus
 Stomach
 Intestines
 Tongue
 Salivary
Glands
 Liver
 Pancreas
Histology of the Alimentary
Canal
 Mucosa
 Innermost
 Stratified
squamous,
simple
columnar cells
 Absorption
 Submucosa
 Connective
tissue
 Secretory
function
 Meissner’s
plexus of
nerve cells
Histology of the Alimentary
Canal
 Muscularis
 Inner layer of circular
smooth muscle
 Outer layer of
longitudinal smooth
muscle
 Myenteric Plexus of
nerve cells
 Motility function
 Serosa
 Outermost
 Visceral
peritoneum
Alimentary Tract: Mouth
 Anteriorly: teeth
 Posteriorly: fauces (throat)
 Laterally: cheeks
 Superiorly: palate
 Inferiorly: muscular floor
Alimentary Tract: Mouth
Divisions
 Anterior vestibule
 Posterior oral cavity proper
Accessory Organ: Tongue
 Muscular structure occupying floor of
the oral cavity
 Attached to the floor by frenulum
 Intrinsic & extrinsic muscles
Accessory Organ: Teeth
 32, distributed over dental arches
 1 central incisor
 1 lateral incisor
 1 canine
 2 pre molars
 3 molars
Accessory Organs: Salivary
Glands
 Parotid
 Anterior to the ear
 Sublingual
 Lie below mucous membrane of the oral
cavity floor
 Submandibular
 Inferior border of the posterior half of
the mandible
Alimentary Tract:
Pharynx
 Nasopharynx
 Oropharynx
 Laryngopharynx
 Transmit food
 Stratified squamous epthelium
Alimentary Tract:
Esophagus
 Extends between the pharynx &
stomach
 25 cm long
 Mediastinum, posterior to trachea,
anterior to vertebrae
 Sphincters
 UES
 LES
Alimentary Tract:
Stomach
 Divisions
 Fundus
 Body
 Pyloric
 Greater & Lesser Curvature
 Sphincters
 Cardiac
 Pyloric
Alimentary Tract:
Stomach
 Serosa – visceral peritoneum
 Muscularis
 Longitudinal
 Circular
 Oblique
 Mucosal layer with rugae
Alimentary Tract: Small
Intestine
 6 m long
 Where greatest amount of digestion &
absorption take place
 Divisions
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Illeum
Alimentary Tract: Small
Intestine
 Duodenum
 Short superior part
 Duodenal papilla (minor & major)
for entry of common bile duct
 Mucosa & submucosa thrown into
folds plica circulares
 Microvilli
Alimentary Tract: Small
Intestine
 Jejunum & Illeum
 Smaller in diameter
 Jejunum: Major site of absorption
(with duodenum)
 Submucosal Lymphatic nodules:
Peyer’s patches
 Ileocecal junction with ileocecal
valve
Accessory Organ: Liver
 Largest organ
 1.36 kg
 ® upper quadrant against the
inferior surface of diaphragm
 Lobes
 (L) & ®
 Caudate
 quadrate
Accessory Organ: Gall
Bladder
 Sac-like structure on inferior surface
of liver
 8cm long, 4cm wide
 3 tunics
Accessory Organ: Pancreas
 Endocrine & Exocrine functions
 2 types of cells
 Acini
 Islet
 Parts
 Head projecting on the duodenum
 Body projecting towards the spleen
 tail
Alimentary Tract: Large
Intestine
From ileocecal junction to
anus
Divisions
 Cecum
 Colon
 Rectum
 Anal canal
Alimentary Tract: Large
Intestine
 Cecum
 Proximal
 Attachment of appendix
 Colon
 Ascending colon & ® colic flexure
 Transverse colon & left colic flexure
 Descending colon
Alimentary Tract: Large
Intestine
 Colon
 3 bands of Longitudinal muscle: teniae
coli
 Outpouching called haustra
 Fatty tags: appendices epiploicae
 Rectum & Anus
 Muscular tube lined with Simple columnar
epithelium
 Internal & External Anal Spincter
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