Transcript Spine Outline

Spine Outline
Sports Med 2
Anatomy
 Bones of the Vertebral Column
 33 vertebrae
 24 movable (true)
 9 immovable (false)
 Movable
 Cervical, thoracic, lumbar
 Immovable
 Sacrum, coccyx
Cervical Spine
 7 Vertebrae
 C1 Atlas
 Supports head
 Has no body or spinous process
 Movements = flexion, extension, lateral movements
 C2 Axis
 Allows rotation
Thoracic Spine
 12 Vertebrae
 Articulate with the ribs
Lumbar Spine
 5 vertebrae
 Major support of the low back
 Largest and thickest
Sacrum
 Fusion of 5 vertebrae
in adults
 Sacroiliac joint
 While sitting weight is
transmitted through
these joints
Coccyx
 Also known as the
tailbone
Intervertebral Disks
 Between each of the cervical, thoracic, and
lumbar vertebrae lies disks
 Each disk is composed of annulus fibrosus
and the nucleus pulposus
 Annulus fibrosus
 Forms the periphery of the disk
 Composed of strong, firbrous tissue
 Nucleus pulposus
 In the center of the annulus fibrosus
 Shock absorption
Ligamentous Structures
 Anterior longitudinal ligament
 Wide strong band extends the full length of the
anterior surface of vertebrae
 Posterior longitudinal ligament
 Inside the canal and extends the full length of
the posterior aspect
 Supraspinous
 Connects spinous processes
Muscles of the Spine
 Superficial
 Erector spinae
 Extends the spine
 Deep
 Go from vertebrae to vertebrae
 Extend and rotate the spine
 multifidus
Spinal Nerves and
Peripheral Branches
 31 pairs of spinal nerves
 Each has specific area of sensory called
dermatomes
 Loss of sensation = nerve damage
 Nerves form a plexus
Movements of the
verterbral column
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Flexion
Extension
Right and left lateral flexion
Rotation to the left and right
Preventing Injuries to the
Spine
 Cervical
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Can be life threatening
Strengthening is critical
Bull the neck
Isometric, isotonic, isokinetic contractions
can be used
 Watch for spearing
Preventing injuries to the
spine
 Lumbar
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Low back pain is the most common
Avoid unnecessary strain
Be aware of posture anomalies of the athlete
Abdominal strength is essential