Transcript Exercise 1 The Language of Anatomy

Exercise 1
The Language of Anatomy
Anatomical Position
 Universally accepted
standard position
 Body terminology refers
to it
 “body is erect, feet
slightly apart, head and
toes forward, arms
hanging at the sides,
palms FACING FORWARD
Lab Fig 1-2
Prone vs. Supine
 Supine

Anatomical position…palms to the front
 Prone

Palms to the rear
Fig. 9-4
Directional Terms
 Posterior

Back
 Dorsal

Posterior
 Anterior

Front
 Ventral

Anterior
Lab Fig 1-3
Directional Terms
 Superior
 Above or upper
 Medial
 Toward the midline of
the body
 Lateral
 To the side
 Inferior
 Below or lower
Lab Fig 1-3
Directional Terms
 Proximal
 Nearest to the midline
 Distal
 Farthest away
 Superficial
 Toward the surface (example: skin)
 Deep
 Toward the inside (example: organs)
Lab Fig 1-3
Regions of the Body
 Cephalic…………..head
 Cervical…………...neck
 Vertebral………….spinal
column
 Caudal…………….toward
tail/posterior
Lab Fig 1-2
Regions of the Body
 Appendicular………limbs & their
attachments to the body axis
 Axial…………………body axis (head,
neck, trunk)
Body Landmarks: Cephalic
 Facial (on the face)
 Nasal………………nose
 Buccal…………….cheek
 Oral………………..mouth
 Orbital…………….bony eye socket
 Cranial (surrounding the brain)
 Frontal……………forehead (anterior)
 Occipital…………back of head (posterior)
 Parietal…………..upper side
 Temporal………..lower side
Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Torso
 Thoracic (chest)
 Sternal…………….sternum/breastbone
 Costal……………..ribs
 Abdominopelvic (abdomen + pelvis)
 Abdominal…anterior trunk, inferior to ribs
 Inguinal…….groin
 Umbilical…..navel
 Pelvic………pelvis
 Gluteal……..buttocks
 Coxal……….hip
 Pubic……….genital
Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Torso
 Inferior Spine
Lumbar……..back, between ribs and hips
 Sacral……….back, between the hips

Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Pectoral
 Axillary……………armpit
 Acromial………….point of shoulder
 Scapular………….shoulder blade
 Deltoid……………upper shoulder/arm
Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Superior
Appendages
 Brachial…………upper arm
 Antebrachial……forearm
 Olecranal………..elbow
 Carpal……………wrist
 Manual…………...hand
 Palmar……………palm of hand
 Digital…………….digits=fingers
Lab Fig 1-2
Body Landmarks: Inferior
Appendages
 Femoral………..thigh
 Patellar………...anterior knee
 Tibial…………...medial calf
 Fibular…………lateral calf
 Tarsal………….ankle
 Calcaneal……..heel of foot
 Pedal…………..foot
 Plantar………...sole of foot
 Digital………….digits=toes
Lab Fig 1-2
Planes of Sectioning
 Longitudinal sections
 Sagittal planes
 Divides into right &
left
 Midsaggital plane
 Equal right & left
halves
 Frontal or coronal
planes
 Divides into anterior
& posterior
Lab Fig 1-4
Planes of Sectioning
 Cross sections

Horizontal or transverse planes


Divides into superior & inferior
Oblique planes

Divide at an angle
 Helps relate models and figures to the
body as a whole
Lab Fig 1-4
Body cavities &
organs
 Cranial

brain, pituitary gland
 Spinal

spinal cord
 Thoracic

heart, trachea, lungs, esophagus
 Abdominopelvic

stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas,
adrenal glands, kidneys, bladder, ovaries,
prostate gland
Lab Fig. 1-6
Serous membranes
 Produce serous fluid
 Lubricates organs
 Movement without friction
 Compartmentalize organs to help
infections from spreading
Serous membranes
 Double-layered
membranes
 Parietal layer


Lines body
cavity walls
Visceral layer

Covers
external
surface of
the organ
within that
cavity
Serous membranes
 Pericardium
 Surrounds
the heart
 Pleura(e)
 Surrounds
the lungs
 Peritoneum
 Surrounds abdominopelvic organs
Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, etc.
Study, Learn it!
QUIZ each other!
 Lab quiz tonight over tonight’s material, at
end.
 Usually, we’ll do some lab and then have the
quiz in the middle of the period


Quiz will cover that night’s exercise
Could also have anything prior/review